OldTimey – Listorati https://listorati.com Fascinating facts and lists, bizarre, wonderful, and fun Sun, 18 Feb 2024 22:56:24 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.2 https://listorati.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/listorati-512x512-1.png OldTimey – Listorati https://listorati.com 32 32 215494684 Top 10 Old-Timey Bills And Currencies Of The United States https://listorati.com/top-10-old-timey-bills-and-currencies-of-the-united-states/ https://listorati.com/top-10-old-timey-bills-and-currencies-of-the-united-states/#respond Sun, 18 Feb 2024 22:56:24 +0000 https://listorati.com/top-10-old-timey-bills-and-currencies-of-the-united-states/

The history of the US dollar predates the United States itself. It goes back to the Revolutionary War when all thirteen colonies issued a single currency to fund the war against Britain. The current dollar was first issued during the Civil War. Several other currencies were introduced before, during, and after the war, and some even coexisted alongside the current dollar.

Interestingly, the present-day US currency has some bills that are rarely seen or even heard of. Ever heard of the $100,000 bill? Maybe not. Well! Here are ten old-timey bills and currencies of the US. Mind you, some are still legal tender even though they are out of print.

10Silver Certificates

Silver certificates were issued in the US between 1878 and 1964. They were used like regular money and were originally redeemable for their face value in silver coins. However, between June 1967 and June 1968, they could be exchanged for silver bullion and thereafter, regular bank notes. They remain legal tender and can still be traded for current bank bills. In fact, silver certificates closely resemble bank notes, except that their fine print reads “one dollar in silver payable to the bearer on demand.”

Interestingly and unknown to many, two versions of the $1 silver certificate issued in 1886 and 1891 are the first American paper money to ever feature the portrait of a woman. The woman was Martha Washington, the wife of George Washington and the first, first lady of the United States. Martha Washington silver certificates are valued among collectors. An 1891 version in perfect condition sells for about $1,500.[1]

9Continental Currency

The Continental Currency was issued on June 22, 1775, at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, when the thirteen colonies that would later form the United States agreed they needed a unified currency to prosecute the war against Britain. The money was called “Continental” because it was issued by the Continental Congress, which was the highest governing body during the war. It consisted of delegates from all thirteen colonies.

The currency was backed by nothing other than the promise that it would be repaid from the funds generated from future taxes. The public had no trust in the money, and it led to inflation so bad that even George Washington complained about one wagonload of Continental Currency not buying one wagonload of supplies. Britain worsened the effect of the inflation by releasing counterfeit notes into the US.

The value of the Continental Currency varied from colony to colony. People even coined the idiom “not worth a Continental” to describe the worthlessness of an object. The money became so unstable that it crashed in May 1781.[2] The failure of the currency put the newly formed United States in heavy debt at the end of the war. It was even one of the reasons why the US abandoned the idea of a confederation for a stronger central government. The US itself avoided issuing paper money until the Civil War.

8$100,000

In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered all US citizens to surrender all gold coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates in their possession. This was at the height of the Great Depression when people hoarded their gold and refused to accept paper money. In fact, paper money became so worthless that barter (the exchange of goods for other goods or services) became the preferred medium of exchange.

With most citizens separated from their gold, they were forced to spend the paper money. The federal government itself printed more money including a new $100,000 bill that featured the portrait of Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States.

There was a catch though. The bill was not legal tender since it was not intended for general use. It was specially made for branches of the Federal Reserve to use in high-value transactions. It remains the highest single bill denomination ever printed in the US.[3]

7Demand Notes

The US federal government issued its first paper money when the US Civil War broke out in 1861. Before then, the federal government used gold and silver in its transactions while more than 8,000 banks independently issued and controlled all the paper money in circulation. The war seriously depleted the US treasury and caused widespread inflation. In response, Salmon P. Chase, the Secretary of Treasury, suggested that the government introduced a single paper money to replace all the paper monies issued by the banks.

This led to the introduction of Demand Notes, which are the first true paper money issued by the United States government. The Continental Currency mentioned above does not qualify as the first paper money because it was released before the formation of the United States. The government issued $10 million worth of Demand Notes, which was redeemable for gold or silver. However, it never caught on since people hoarded their gold and silver coins.

In 1862, the US Congress passed a law ordering the production of a new currency that was not redeemable for gold or silver. This led to the creation of the US dollars used to date. Demand Notes were taken out of circulation as this new paper money was introduced. At first, the paper money suffered from constant inflation and deflation as its value rose and fell depending on the victories and losses of the Union.[4]

6Fractional Currency

As we already mentioned, Americans hoarded valuable coins during the US Civil War. To address this, the Treasury issued fractional currency notes in denominations of between one and fifty cents. Most Americans hated the fractional money, which they called “shinplasters” because of the extra thin paper used in its production. The paper was compared to the thin paper doctors used to make plaster casts.

In 1865, the Treasury announced plans to issue more fractional currency. However, Congress ordered that the three-cent fractional currency, which was originally a silver coin and was valued because of its use in making change and paying for postage (which cost exactly three cents) should not be made with shinplaster but with a mixture of nickel and copper.

The three-cent nickel was proposed by Congressman John Kasson, who was famous for previously disapproving the use of nickel in coins. Kasson did hate the idea of using nickels in coins, but he hated the shinplasters more, so he approved the nickel coin as the lesser of two evils.

The three-cent nickel, the three-cent silver, and the three-cent fractional currency remained in circulation until the silver was phased out in 1873. The three-cent fractional currency followed when all fractional currencies were discontinued in February 1876. The three-cent nickel itself was discontinued in 1889 when postage was reduced to two cents. All three-cent nickels were melted and remolded into five cent nickels.[5]

5$1000

The 1,000 dollar bill is one of the rarest legal tenders in the US. It has been out of print since 1946 but is still acceptable by banks in exchange for $1,000 equivalent in credit. Banks are expected to remit all $1,000 bills deposited at their branches to the Federal Reserve, which ensures they do not go back into circulation. However, people with $1,000 notes prefer hoarding them since their rarity has made them worthier than their face value.

The US federal government printed its first $1,000 bill during the US Civil War even though the thirteen colonies that formed the United States had issued a $1,000 bill as part of the so-called Continental Currency. The Union used the money to purchase items like ammunition, which it needed to use to fight the war.

After the war, the $1,000 note and other similarly high valued bills were relegated for use in large-scale transactions like interbank transfers and property deals. It was last printed in 1946 but remained in circulation until 1969 when President Richard Nixon ordered the Federal Reserve to recall all high valued bills over fears that they would be used for money laundering. Besides this, the $1,000 bill was expensive to print since only a few were produced at a time.[6]

4$10,000

The $10,000 bill is the highest legal tender ever printed in the US. Unlike the $100,000 note, it was intended for everyday use, and like the $1,000 bill, it remains a legal tender even though they were both taken out of circulation in 1969. The $10,000 note features the portrait of Salmon P. Chase, who served as President Abraham Lincoln’s Secretary of Treasury. Chase also served as a senator and governor of Ohio and Chief Justice of the United States.

However, it was his role as Secretary of Treasury that earned him a place on the $10,000 bill. As we mentioned earlier, it was he who proposed the creation of a single, federally controlled paper money. The $10,000 bill was used for large transactions like settling interbank transfers and was not commonly used in public. Estimates point that there are less than 350 in circulation today. They are a huge collector’s item, and a crisp bill could fetch up to $140,000. A rough one could fetch $30,000.[7]

3Double Eagle

The Double Eagle was a $20 gold coin issued between 1907 and 1932. It was taken out of circulation in 1933 when President Franklin Roosevelt banned American citizens from owning gold. 445,300 gold coins postdated 1933 had been minted by the time President Roosevelt issued the Executive Order and were never released. They were melted down and converted into bullion in 1937.

However, some of the 1933 gold coins escaped being melted. No one knows how the coins were smuggled out of the US Mint, but it is speculated that a cashier called George McCann switched about twenty 1933 Double Eagles for earlier versions. That way, no one would notice the difference in weight.

A jeweler called Israel Swift is known to have been in possession of nineteen of these coins, and he sold nine to private collectors. One was sold to King Farouk of Egypt. The coin reappeared when King Farouk was deposed in 1952 but disappeared again when whoever was in its possession realized that the Secret Service was still trying to recover it. The Secret Service only got hold of it forty years later when it launched a sting operation against Stephen Fenton, a British coin dealer who was in its possession.

The coin was stored in the treasury vault of the World Trade Center while Fenton and the US Mint engaged in a lengthy legal battle, which ended with Fenton and the US Mint agreeing to sell the coin and splitting the proceeds. The coin was then moved from the World Trade Center to Fort Knox two months before the September 11 terrorist attacks.

The coin sold for a record $7,590,000, which includes a 15 percent buyer fee and an additional $20 for its face value. Joan Langbord, one of Swift’s heirs uncovered ten more coins in September 2004. She sent them to the US Mint for authentication, but the Secret Service immediately seized them.[8]

2Treasury Notes

Also called Coin Notes, Treasury Notes are series of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, and $1,000 bills issued in the United States between 1890 and 1891. They were issued after the passage of the Legal Tender Act of July 14, 1890, which permitted the Secretary of Treasury to print the notes as payment for the silver bullion purchased by the Treasury.

Treasury Notes could be redeemed for gold or silver coins, depending on the preference set by the Secretary of Treasury. A 500 dollar bill was also planned but was never issued. Only sample copies were printed.

The bills issued in 1890 and 1891 look similar but there are a few ways to tell them apart. One difference is the type and size of seal used. Another is the design of their reverse sides. 1890 bills have a rich dark green reverse while 1891 bills have a plain green and white reverse. Both versions are collector’s items although the 1890 edition is rarer and more expensive.[9]

11974 Aluminum Cent

Copper got so costly in 1973 that the US Mint started looking into an alternative metal to use for its coins. After an extensive test, it settled for aluminum. In 1974, the US Mint transported uncut aluminum alloys from its Philadelphia mint to its Denver mint, where it was cut to shape and returned to Philadelphia for stamping.

The Denver mint was not supposed to stamp any coin but an assistant superintendent went on to make the only 1974 aluminum cent created at the Denver mint. It is a one cent denomination and was marked “D” to show that it was made in Denver.

In 1974, the Philadelphia mint stamped about 1.5 million aluminum coins and shared some samples among members of the Congress. However, Congress refused to authorize the aluminum coins for several reasons including the fact that a representative of the vending industry claimed that aluminum coins would not work with their machines.

The US Mint melted the aluminum coins, but at least fifteen remain unaccounted for to date. These unaccounted coins are part of those held by Congressmen who did not return their sample coins. As for the illegally made “D” coin, Harry Edmond Lawrence, the son of the assistant superintendent, returned it to the US Mint after the death of his father.[10]

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10 Fascinating Old-Timey Art Trends https://listorati.com/10-fascinating-old-timey-art-trends/ https://listorati.com/10-fascinating-old-timey-art-trends/#respond Thu, 24 Aug 2023 01:52:11 +0000 https://listorati.com/10-fascinating-old-timey-art-trends/

We take for granted how boring life was before radio, television, and the internet. Other than toiling and avoiding wild animals, there wasn’t much to do during one’s downtime. So people occupied themselves with art, some of which they took to the grave.

SEE ALSO: 10 Current Fads That Are Way Older Than You Think

10 Women wore their finest jewelry (into the afterlife)


Archaeologists dug up some 5th and 6th-century bodies from a cemetery in Lincolnshire found the women therein dressed for a grand party.

Intricate brooches and silver buckles fastened their elegant clothes. And various jewels adorned their bodies, like silver rings and resplendent necklaces, containing hundreds of pieces of rock crystal, amber, and glass.

The women were also buried with tweezers, to maintain their hygiene in the hereafter. But the flashiest accessories were fabric bags propped open by elephant ivory rings from sub-Saharan Africa, “which might as well have come from the moon,” given their rarity.[1]

9 The Hittites “invented” the smiley face emoji


The Hittites ruled areas encompassing Greece, Egypt, Turkey, and Syria during their heyday, around 1700 to 1200 BC. They excelled as charioteers and, surprisingly, invented the smiley face that now adorns countless objects.

The Hittite emoji decorates a nearly 4,000-year-old jug, which once held a sweet beverage called sherbet. It’s one of many similar pieces of pottery ware found on the Turkish-Syrian border at Karkam??, where the biblical Battle of Carchemish occurred in 605 BC.

The jug has no historical or regional analog. It’s a unique piece and the oldest-yet-discovered smiley face of its kind (or a masterful piece of archaeological trolling).[2]

8 Medieval VIPs flaunted their wealth with cutlery

Medieval cutlery was much fancier than contemporary cutlery, as evidenced by a 500-year-old ornamented spoon found in Suffolk. The gilded, silver spoon handle dates to 1300-1400 and depicts the “Wild Man, a “barbaric, chaotic, unrestrained” mythical figure who dates back to at least the 9th century in Spain.

And while spoons are nowadays owned but just about everybody, this aged piece belonged to some wealthy, medieval hotshot. Up until the 15th century, most depictions of Wild Man appeared on manuscripts and literature but not as decorative objects. Until this Middle Ages rich dude came along and blew everybody’s mind.[3]

7 Anti-Witch markings were functional art


A bunch of weird, 17th and 18th-century markings inside the caves at the Cresswell Crags in England are a perfect example of functional art.

Researchers initially thought the markings, which include letters and also designs, like boxes, mazes, and diagonal lines, were the work of graffiti artists. But they’ve turned out to be the most extensive collection of apotropaic marks in the UK.

Apotropaic symbols supposedly averted evil and are usually found in domestic settings. That they were inscribed in these caves, to repel witches and ghouls and demons, suggests the area was thought to be an infernal gateway.[4]

6 Egyptians displayed their social superiority with tattoos


Infrared scans revealed that two 5,000-year-old Egyptian mummies previously unearthed in Gebelein, near Luxor, are decorated with the world’s oldest figurative tattoos.

And since one of the mummies is male, it corrects the previously-held belief that only women rocked tattoos in Pre-dynastic (aka old-timey aka before the first pharaoh, circa 3100 BC) Egypt. The female mummy received four strange, S-shaped markings on her right shoulder as well as (probably) the image of a baton used in rituals. The male mummy’s ink represents two massively-horned animals, perhaps a wild bull and a Barbary sheep.

These pre-hieroglyph era tattoos were inscribed in soot and signified high social standing, bravery, virility, or arcane knowledge of enchantments.[5]

5 Roman households had sumptuously-decorated shrines


The Great Pompeii Project recently uncovered yet another cultural treasure, the swankiest personal shrine ever found inside a Roman dwelling.

The 16-by-12-foot room is a place for worshipping local gods and guardian spirits. It’s stupid with frescoes depicting magical beasts and divine nature scenes, as well as strange iconography like a wolf-headed, Roman version of Anubis and lots of eggs, symbols of fertility. It also features a garden area with a raised pool, undoubtedly built at great expense by some wealthy Pompeiian.

Just about every Roman dwelling had such a room, known as a lararium. But this one was luckily (though not for its owner) preserved by volcanic ash.[6]

4 Levantine people prized purple


Tyre and Sidon in Lebanon were the primary producers of the rare and valued purple dye during the biblical days. But archaeologists had never found any direct evidence of its manufacture.

Until now, in some ruins at Tel Shikmona, near Haifa in Israel. The former Byzantine settlement held a massive dye-works facility, which occupied five dunams (one acre) of the city’s 100 total dunams during the Iron Age (11th to 6th centuries BC).

And that’s why the city was positioned so precariously upon a godforsakenly barren and inaccessible promontory: because murex snails live on rocky coasts.

Purple dye was made from snail-glands at a conversion rate of thousands of snails per kilogram of dye. And that’s why the ancients considered it a “royal” color, available only to the fabulously wealthy, the nobility, and the high priests.[7]

3 Tombs were decorated with fabulous “comics”


A 2,000-year-old tomb in Beit Ras, Jordan, is decorated with a pictorial civic history lesson. Two millennia ago the city was named Capitolias, after the patron deity Jupiter Capitolinus. Capitolias belonged to the Decapolis, ten Hellenistic-Roman hybrid cities lining the outskirts of the Roman Empire.

The tomb’s walls and ceiling are awash in frescoes that feature about 260 figures. It shows the city’s birth, depicting the initial offering made to the eponymous patron deity Jupiter Capitolinus. The following scenes reveal that the gods’ influence in helping the peasants tend their fields, fell trees, and erect ramparts. Finally, priests show up again, making another offering to thank the gods for the awesome new city.[8]

2 Denisovans used colored pencils


Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia is special. Therein was found the first-ever Denisovan bone fragment, from the 41,000-year-old “X Woman.” The Denisovans are still poorly understood, though they’re most closely related to native Australians and Papuans.

More recently, researchers stumbled upon ancient artforms inside Denisova Cave, including jewel-like beads, bands, and a mammoth bone tiara. Among these, they also found the equivalent of a crayon or colored pencil.

It’s a little chunk of hematite, a natural reddish-brown pigment. The sediment layer it occupied dates from 45,000 to 50,000 years ago, suggesting these old-timey arts could have been developed by the enigmatic Denisovans.[9]

1 Ancient Mesoamericans commemorated the dead with huge statues


The ancient Mesoamericans revered their ancestors and sculpted towering, mystical statues to pay their respects. These 2,000-year-old statues from Guatemala are called “potbellies” due to their rotundness and gigantism, standing more than two meters high and weighing over 10,000 kilograms.

Even cooler, they’re made of rocks that were magnetized by lightning strikes. The ancient artists picked out these prized specimens by holding a naturally magnetized rock next to these iron-rich, basaltic stones, which replied with a telltale magnetic repulsion.

The figures are carefully sculpted so that only their heads and navels, considered sacred body parts, are magnetic. Via magnetism, the long-gone ancestors supposedly displayed their influence over the material world.[10]

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Top 10 Old-Timey Hoaxes People Actually Fell For https://listorati.com/top-10-old-timey-hoaxes-people-actually-fell-for/ https://listorati.com/top-10-old-timey-hoaxes-people-actually-fell-for/#respond Tue, 11 Jul 2023 13:10:32 +0000 https://listorati.com/top-10-old-timey-hoaxes-people-actually-fell-for/

Nowadays fact checking is an easy task. Hoaxes, Pranks, and Scams are everywhere, and most people have learned how to spot them instinctively. Information travels the globe nearly instantly and most everything printed or posted online will be vetted by hundreds or thousands of people.

However, before the information age when word traveled slow it was much easier to deceive someone. Once a rumor had spread, it was often too late to reverse it and it entered history as fact, sometimes for months or even years. While these may sound completely unbelievable by today’s standards these tales amazed, baffled, or frightened even the some of the smartest scholars in history.

Top 10 Fantastically Elaborate Hoaxes

10 The Patagonian Giants


First mentioned in the 1520’s, stories of a tribe of 12-foot-tall giants in Patagonia, South America had been spread by dozens of explorers for over 200 years. In 1766 Commodore John Byron returned to London after circumnavigating the globe aboard the HMS Dolphin. Stories from his crew spread and on May 9th, 1766 the rumor first appeared in print in the Gentlemen’s Magazine. Quickly after other newspapers and journals picked up and printed the story. In this version the crew recalled a tribe of 9-foot-tall giants. Many people questioned the rumors and, finally 7 years later a full account of Byron’s journey was released. This revealed that the tallest “giant” encountered was only 6 feet 6 inches, still tall compared to many European’s of the time, but certainly not a giant as the rumors described.[1]

9 Solar Armor


Perhaps the fascination with Science Fiction stories of the time sparked this bizarre story. In 1874 a Nevada newspaper known as the Territorial Enterprise published a story of the sad fate of inventor Jonathan Newhouse. The tale stated the man had invented a way to beat the desert heat, and he set out on foot from Virginia City (where the newspaper was based) to Death Valley clothed in his Solar Armor. The armor was said to be a sponge suit that cooled the wearer by means of a “frigorific mixture”. However, the armor proved to work too well, and the man was found frozen solid a day later, a foot-long icicle hanging from his nose. Newspapers from around the world reprinted the story, which was later proved to be the satirical work of Dan De Quille, a colleague of Mark Twain, who also wrote for the paper.[2]

8 The Native of Formosa


At the start of the 18th century most Europeans had little to no knowledge of Asian culture, thus making them exceptionally gullible to believe stories from the strange lands of the Orient. When one unusual man turned up claiming to be from the land of Formosa, his strange customs and beliefs were enough to convince many. He had blonde hair and white skin and spoke with a Dutch accent; however, no one knew what someone from Formosa (now modern Taiwan) should look like. His customs were strange: babbling in an unknown language, eating raw meat, sleeping upright in a chair, and worshiping the sun and moon. Baptized in Scotland, he took on the name George Psalmanazar, and traveled to England. There he was revered as a celebrity, even publishing a book on the history of the land of Formosa. He of course had many critics and eventually in 1706 he confessed that he was an impostor.[3]

7 Princess Caraboo


Nearly 100 years after the deceit of George Psalmanazar, the English would fall prey to another impostor. On April 3rd 1817 a beautiful woman arrived in the small town of Almondsbury, she appeared to be a foreigner, speaking no known language and wearing a shawl twisted to resemble a turban. A local magistrate and his wife took the lady in and began trying to unravel the mystery of who she could be. They learned the woman’s name as she would frequently point at herself saying Caraboo. Soon after a sailor arrived in town who claimed to speak her language. He explained that she was a Princess from the faraway island of Javasu. Pirates had abducted her, and she was only able to escape by jumping overboard while in the English Channel, swimming to safety. The family was delighted to hear that they were housing a princess and announced it to the newspapers, unfortunately this fame would be her undoing. A woman recognized her description and reveled her identity, Mary Baker a former servant of hers.[4]

6 The Shakespeare Forgeries


What should a child do when they are ignored and neglected by their father? Well in this case the answer was to create a multitude of forgeries dedicated to the father’s idol, a deception he would take to his grave refusing to believe was untrue. The bookseller Samuel Ireland was a Shakespeare worshiping relic hunter, devoting his life to seeking out anything to add to his collection. In 1794 his eighteen-year-old son, William brought him a mortgage document, supposedly signed by the Bard himself. William worked at a law office and claimed to have found this in some estate papers. Of course, Samuel was delighted, and William was no longer just an afterthought in his life. The forgeries would continue, a love letter to Anne Hathaway came next and following that the most brazen of all, a lost play. Yes, William wrote a play titled Vortigern and passed it off as a Shakespearean work. Despite suspicion, this play was performed once, though the actors caught on and realized it was only a farce.[5]

10 Obvious Lies That Changed The World

5 Scalps by mail


Not all hoaxes are meant just to deceive, in this case there was a much larger purpose; aiding the American war effort in 1782 by convincing Europe to turn against the British. Benjamin Franklin was known to purport several hoaxes in his time. For this one he had fake newspaper printed entitled Supplement to the Boston Independent Chronicle. This alleged that American Indian warriors were sending hundreds of scalps as war trophies to British Royalty and members of Parliament. For extra emphasis, they were described as the scalps of women and children. This shocked the public opinion on the British, of course even once revealed to be untrue many would still believe or never follow up to learn the actual truth.[6]

4 Vrain Lucas


For another take on forgery, let us examine the case of Vrain Lucas, perhaps the most ambitious forger in history. In 1851 Vrain met Michel Chasles, a French mathematician, Chasles was intrigued when shown letters Vrain claimed he had found. He claimed they were written by such noteworthy names as Joan of Arc and Charlemagne. When Chasles offered to buy the documents, the real forgery began. Vrain wrote letters from Julius Caesar, Aristotle, Shakespeare, Mary Magdalene, Alexander the Great and more. The letters shared one thing that kept Chasles buying, they all spoke highly of France. Perhaps being the patriot that he was kept him from realizing some obvious errors, first all the letters were written in French and all were on the same watermarked paper, even ones supposedly written before paper was invented. Thousands of letters and eighteen years later Chasles finally caught on and Vrain was sentenced to 2 years in jail. His greatest forgery would go undelivered, a letter from Jesus, written in French, of course.[7]

3 The Turk


Seemingly impossible machines have fascinated people for centuries. In the 1700’s there were automata, ingeniously built machines that were widely praised and admired. In 1769, the most famous of them was built by a Hungarian nobleman, The Great Chess Automaton, commonly known as the Turk. The machine consisted of a wooden figure dressed in Turkish clothes that emerged from a large wooden box. Billed as being an actual thinking machine, it would be wound up where then it would play chess against a human opponent. Many clever deceptions were in place to convince the audience that this was indeed only a machine. Sliding panels revealed the interior to be only gears and when the machine moved the chess pieces it was accompanied by grinding and whirring of gears. The secret to the machine’s operation was constantly being speculated. The real secret finally being discovered that a chess master was cleverly placed inside the gear box in a way that could not be seen. His movements along with magnetic chess pieces being the clever way this device worked.[8]

2 The Great Stock Exchange Hoax


In another instance of “obviously illegal hoax purported for financial gain” we have this doozy. In 1814 a man wearing the uniform of a British military officer arrived at an inn and announced the war was over, Napoleon had been killed and the government restored. The people were ecstatic, horses were sent to London to deliver the news. The people rejoiced and stocks soared. This was soon revealed as a hoax, Napoleon was still alive. The subsequent investigation uncovered a scheme to manipulate the prices on the London Stock Exchange, and a scapegoat was arrested for masterminding the entire plan. Lord Thomas Cochrane was imprisoned with only some circumstantial evidence. Eventually he would be pardoned by the King, as no real evidence was ever found, and the real mastermind behind this plot was never found.[9]

1 Manhattan is sinking


It is truly baffling that people could have believed this story, and it is largely unverified. However, it has made its way into history despite the lack of printed proof. The story goes that a rumor began to circulate in 1824 stating that due to the large amount of new construction, the island of Manhattan had begun to tilt and was slowly tipping into the ocean. This rumor continued to circulate and grow for a few weeks, until a retired carpenter proposed an ingenious solution. The carpenter who identified himself as Lozier, suggested the island be sawed in half, where it could then be towed out to sea and turned around. By turning it around the weight distribution would be corrected and the island parts could then be rejoined. More and more workers began to respond to the advertisement for this employment and the date was set. When this date came Lozier was nowhere to be found and the workers were left angry and unemployed.[10]

10 Viral Photos That Were Proven To Be Hoaxes

About The Author: Brad D Fuller is a retired US Navy sailor living in small town Ohio. He is also a Board Game Designer and Collector.

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