Novels – Listorati https://listorati.com Fascinating facts and lists, bizarre, wonderful, and fun Sat, 18 Mar 2023 00:56:48 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.1 https://listorati.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/listorati-512x512-1.png Novels – Listorati https://listorati.com 32 32 215494684 10 Unforgettable Dogs in Horror Novels https://listorati.com/10-unforgettable-dogs-in-horror-novels/ https://listorati.com/10-unforgettable-dogs-in-horror-novels/#respond Sat, 18 Mar 2023 00:56:48 +0000 https://listorati.com/10-unforgettable-dogs-in-horror-novels/

While there have been plenty of novels featuring dogs, many offering warm stories of the unique man-animal connection, there is one genre that has taken a different twist on canine characters. Horror novels have long included man’s best friend, and the furry buddies often become such an integral part of the story that the book would not be nearly as good without them.

Obviously, there are tales where the dog is presented as the bad guy, but more often than not, they are tools used by evil men or sometimes just tragic victims. One of the most infamous dog villains is Cujo, the star of an early book by Stephen King. Cujo is a rabid Saint Bernard that kills its owner and then terrorizes a trapped woman and her child. While Cujo can be considered the villain, in truth, he is simply a poor, sick animal who was treated poorly and got rabies.

However, some of the best horror-fantasy suspense novels do not try to make a villain out of a dog. Instead, the canine characters are strong, noble, and supportive, even if their ends are not always happy ones.

Here are ten memorable canine characters from horror and suspense novels.

10 Kojak

Stephen King does not always make dogs the bad guys. In fact, some of his very best books feature heroic animals who save the day… and sometimes the hero. Kojak in The Stand is one of those dogs. Kojak, whose name was once Big Steve, appears to be the last remaining dog in the virus-ravaged world. He is intensely loyal to his new owner, Glen Batemen, who found him after most of the human population was wiped out.

Kojak follows Glen and other survivors halfway across the country to Boulder, having to battle deprivation and violent wolves along the way. It is Kojak who saves the life of the main character, Stu Redmon. After falling down a washed-out road, Stu breaks his leg and seems destined to die alone in the wilderness. But faithful Kojak returns and keeps the wounded man fed and warm until rescue arrives. In the end, after a female dog is discovered, Kojak’s future looks much brighter.[1]

9 Radar

Kojak would have been proud of the canine companion from King’s latest book, Fairy Tale. Radar, an old German Shepherd, is not magical, all-knowing, or the most remarkable shepherd ever. She is, however, a loyal friend and a loving companion, a dog worth fighting for, and a dog worth saving.

Protagonist Charlie Reade inherits the dog when her elderly owner dies. Charlie had come to care for the old man and loves Radar. Radar’s age and encroaching cancer mean her time is short, and Charlie will do anything to extend it. He will even travel to a strange world populated by people right out of fairy tales, both good and bad, to get Radar to a device that can turn back the years. And once he does, his canine companion proves her worth by helping the teen save the people of this alternate land. Because, as Charlie has always known, Radar is simply a very good dog.[2]

8 Manchee

Although Radar the dog enjoys a happily-ever-after in Fairy Tale, the beloved canine character in The Knife of Never Letting Go by Patrick Ness is not as lucky. On a strange new planet settled by humans, protagonist Todd Hewitt lives in a town filled with the audible thoughts of everyone and everything. So when he gets a dog named Manchee, who “speaks” through his thoughts, the boy is not thrilled.

But Manchee is a kind-hearted, loyal canine who will lay down his life for his human if need be. By the time Todd realizes that and understands how much he loves his companion, Manchee is brutally killed by a monstrous villain. Todd is devastated, and so is the reader. Manchee, too, was a very good dog.[3]

7 Riley

Far from being just a side character, Riley, an American bulldog, is the primary point-of-view storyteller in The Book of Riley: A Zombie Tale by Mark Tufo. Over the course of five books, Riley tells the story of a zombie apocalypse from a dog’s perspective. She is loyal to her newly-formed pack of misfits—a yappy Yorkie, a pair of humans, and a dangerous cat—and wants only to reunite all the members of her original family. Unfortunately, in a world filled with the undead, that does not prove easy. But brave Riley will do anything to keep her loved ones safe, even fighting the undead, proving that while a dog really is man’s best friend, canines are not very fond of zombies. [4]

6 Rebel

Although his books more often tip toward horror and dystopian fantasy, Robert McCammon truly shook-up genres in his book A Boy’s Life. A blend of a coming-of-age story, suspense, horror, and paranormal mystery, A Boy’s Life tells the tale of Cory Mackenson, a young boy growing up in a depressed Alabama town. Cory’s life is a good one, but his working-class family struggles. Through it all, he relies on his good pal Rebel, who he considers the best dog a boy could have. But on the day Rebel is hit by a car and Cory faces losing him, the dog becomes something more.

Cory’s prayers keep Rebel alive, but he is not the dog he once was. Rebel is changed, half-spirit, half-alive, trapped in an unhappy existence. But it is not until Cory hears a child laughing and sees something remarkable that he finds the strength to let Rebel go. When he beholds the ghost of a dead child playing with Rebel, he realizes the spirit child needs the dog, and the dog needs him. Making the decision to put his beloved companion down devastates him, but knowing that Rebel will be well taken care of by the ghost boy, Cory finds the strength to do it.[5]

5 Blood

As good a feeling as books featuring the bond between humans and dogs can be, sometimes that bond can be disturbing. Vic and Blood: The Chronicles of a Boy and His Dog by Harlan Ellison takes that strong relationship and tests it with blood and rage. Harlan’s original post-apocalyptic novella about a boy, Vic, and his telepathic dog, Blood, was later expanded into a series of stories.

In them, boy and animal are linked in a struggle to survive and are able to communicate on a level usually reserved for human beings. Neither of them is particularly nice; they cannot afford it in a world as dangerous and violent as theirs. But their bond is unbreakable. They will literally do anything for each other, which is why when Blood is on the verge of death, Vic has no compunction about killing another person to save him. Blood might not always be a “very good dog,” but he certainly does inspire loyalty.[6]

4 Lineker

Like the canine in The Book of Riley, Lineker from The Last Dog on Earth gets to tell his story from his own point of view. Unlike Riley, however, Lineker is a hilarious, foul-mouthed pup who keeps the laughs coming in his bleak futuristic world. The dystopian book by Adrian Walker goes back and forth between Lineker and his owner, Reg, an agoraphobic hiding out in a London apartment.

While Lineker does not understand exactly what caused the city to become an abandoned, deadly wasteland, he knows trouble when he smells it, and he will do whatever he can to keep Reg and a small girl they discover safe. Lineker’s inner monologues are hysterical and profane, containing the kind of thoughts you might expect of a dog while also being insightful and blunt. If he were, indeed, the last dog in the world, Lineker would be an excellent canine companion. [7]

3 Jess and Jip

While also set in a post-apocalyptic, dystopian world, A Boy and His Dog at the End of the World takes a different tone than The Last Dog on Earth. It is more serious and emotional without the funny first-person antics of a pup like Lineker. Instead, this book focuses on the lengths to which a person will go to recover a stolen dog.

One of only a few thousand humans left on earth, Griz and his family live in seclusion on a small island near Scotland. Not very trusting, they are caught off guard by a charming stranger who steals one of the family’s beloved dogs, Jess. Dogs, like humans, are a rarity in this new world, and female ones are especially unique. Unwilling to lose his beloved pet, Griz and his other dog, Jip, set off after the thief, encountering dangers and challenges along the way. Through human eyes, the reader understands just how precious dogs are to people and why they are worth fighting for.[8]

2 Boo

International bestselling author Dean Koontz has written dozens of books spanning multiple genres. Under his real name and various pseudonyms, he has succeeded in writing everything from romance to screenplays, brutal horror to eloquent non-fiction, and supernatural suspense to quirky thrillers. But one thing most of his readers know about him is that he loves dogs. He so loved his own golden retriever, Trixie, that when she passed, he wrote his first non-fiction book, A Big Little Life. It is, therefore, no wonder Koontz has included dogs in many of his books. Among the many, two stand out.

The character of Odd Thomas, a laid-back young man with the ability to see the dead, is beloved by most Koontz fans. The star of nine books, Odd made readers laugh, cry, and feel. One reason for that is his relationship with a very special ghost: Boo the dog. Readers met Boo in the second book of the series, Brother Odd. Boo is the spectral dog that haunts a monastery where Odd has taken refuge. While like the other spirits who cannot speak, the silent apparition still has all the best characteristics of a dog. Boo is loyal and brave. He stands, or floats, at Odd’s side when confronting dangerous spectral creatures. While Boo is already dead, the dog still feels emotions like fear of the villains and the protectiveness of the weak and vulnerable. So despite being merely a ghost, Boo the dog is the very odd Odd’s most loyal companion.[9]

1 Einstein

Of all the dogs Dean Koontz has created in his books, it is probably Einstein in his book Watchers who is the most beloved. Published in 1987, Watchers was a bestseller and was made into a movie that spawned a few sequels. Einstein might look like a normal dog, but he certainly is not.

The product of a lab experiment, Einstein is incredibly smart. His intelligence is at a human level, though he has to use things like Scrabble tiles to communicate. Einstein is being tracked by not only a human villain but also a literal monster created in the same lab. Being rescued by a protective man, Einstein offers his protection right back, and together, dog and man, are ready to take on any and all threats.[10]

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These Science Fiction Novels Got the Science Very, Very Wrong https://listorati.com/these-science-fiction-novels-got-the-science-very-very-wrong/ https://listorati.com/these-science-fiction-novels-got-the-science-very-very-wrong/#respond Mon, 13 Mar 2023 20:12:33 +0000 https://listorati.com/these-science-fiction-novels-got-the-science-very-very-wrong/

Science fiction author Ray Bradbury said“Science fiction is the most important literature in the history of the world, because it’s the history of ideas[.]” He may have been biased, but he wasn’t incorrect. There are two genres of science fiction. Hard science fiction is usually scientifically rigorous, while soft science fiction uses elements of sociology, anthropology, and psychology. World building in science fiction is often creative, but  it doesn’t always reveal humankind’s future. Here are 10 inaccuracies found in science fiction.

10. Time for the Stars by Robert A. Heinlein

Concept: Relativity

Albert Einstein’s theory of special relativity says time is relative, and one’s perception of time varies based on how quickly one is moving. Since general relativity and special relativity are theories, their applications are less concrete than the uses for technology in some science fiction on this list. We use special relativity to explain why astronauts living in space are moving more quickly — and aging more slowly — than people on Earth. Special relativity is important to the plot of Robert A. Heinlein’s 1956 novel Time for the Stars. Heinlein also uses the Twin Paradox as a plot device.

The Twin Paradox is a thought experiment that is only made possible because of the theory of special relativity. Imagine two identical twins. One remains on Earth, while the other travels to a star six light years away using a rocket that travels at six times the speed of light. Before the traveling twin leaves Earth, both twins reset their watches to zero. When the traveling twin reaches the star, her watch says eight years have passed. When the twin on Earth reads her watch, she will find 16 years have passed by the time the traveling twin reaches the star. From the perspective of the twin on Earth, the traveling twin’s rocket takes 10 years to reach the star. The light that will show the traveling twin at the star will take an additional six years to return to Earth, making the trip to the star take 16 years. To the traveler, whose rocket moves at six times the speed of light, the star she is traveling to, which seems six light years away to her twin sister on Earth, is only 4.8 light years away. It takes another 4.8 years for light to travel from Earth to her rocket, so she perceives the trip as taking roughly eight years.

Robert A. Heinlein is respected as a gifted science fiction writer. He was named the first Science Fiction Writers Grand Master in 1974. He also pursued graduate degrees in physics and mathematics at UCLA. Because of his scientific knowledge, his explanations of special relativity and the Twin Paradox are mostly correct. He applies the theories correctly, with one minor inaccuracy. In his novel, the traveling twin and the twin on Earth are communicating in real time via intercom. Once the traveling twin is moving at the speed of light, he hears the twin on Earth as though he is speaking more slowly. By contrast, the twin on Earth hears the traveling twin as though he is speaking more quickly. In fact, each twin would only be conscious of his own perception of time.

9. The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury

Concept: Colonizing Mars

In Ray Bradbury’s 1950 collection of vignettes, humans have successfully colonized Mars. Bradbury explores which impulses, noble and ignoble, humans obey regardless of which planet they’re inhabiting. As of 2019, NASA is still planning to send astronauts to MarsThe topographical features that led Bradbury and other science fiction writers to imagine it might be possible to colonize Mars by the mid-20th century, though, have been revealed to be misleading.

By 1960, astronomer Carl Sagan had discovered that Mars is consistently freezing due to its lack of atmosphere, and the canals on Mars were not, as had previously been hypothesized, former waterways. 

8. Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton

Concept: Reanimating Dinosaurs

Unlike the saddled dinosaurs calmly coexisting with humans in the Creation Museum’s exhibits, the destructive dinosaurs in Michael Crichton’s 1990 novel are a cautionary tale for humans. A course of action made possible by scientific advancement isn’t necessarily a wise one. However, despite the intricately detailed scientific plot of the novel, resurrecting dinosaurs isn’t possible.

The science of paleontology dates from the 19th century, and dinosaur footprints and fossils have consistently been recognized as historically important. To resurrect dinosaurs, though, paleontologists would need viable dinosaur DNA in order to reassemble dinosaurs’ genetic codes. Dinosaurs dominated the Earth roughly 66 million years ago. Even if their DNA was found, it would be too decayed to be useful in reassembling a genetic code. That’s good news for anyone getting tired of holding onto their butt

7. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

Concept: Reanimating Humans

Defibrillators can be used to revive someone who has gone into sudden cardiac arrest. However, it’s impossible to revive someone who has already been hanged, like the scientist Victor Frankenstein does in Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel. During the 19th century, there was scientific research that seemed to support the possibility that corpses could be revived through the use of electricity. In 1781, a surgeon, Luigi Galvani, dissected a frog while standing near a static electricity machine. When an assistant touched a nerve in the frog’s leg with a scalpel, the frog’s leg spasmed. Galvani built a bronze and iron arc, and he attached the frog’s leg and the static electricity machine to it. The frog’s leg twitched whenever it touched the metal. Galvani formed a hypothesis: he believed the frog possessed what Galvani called animal electricity. The bimetallic arc conducted the animal electricity to the frog’s nerve, making its leg twitch. The plot of Shelley’s novel is an exploration of what might be possible if humans, too, possessed animal electricity.

After reading Galvani’s work, physicist Alessandro Volta replicated Galvani’s experiment. He observed the same result, but he reached a very different conclusion. His hypothesis, which we now know to be accurate, was that the metal was acting as a conductor for the electric current from the static electricity machine. When the current touched the frog’s leg, the frog’s leg twitched. 

6. Never Let You Go by Kazuo Ishiguro

Concept: Human Cloning

Jodi Picoult’s 2003 book My Sister’s Keeper explores the question of whether it’s morally defensible to expect one sibling to become an organ donor for another. In Kazuo Ishiguro’s 2005 novel, organ donation is a social requirement. Human clones are created solely to become organ donors. There are many science fiction novels featuring human clonesWhile the question of how humans determine quality of life will always be a valid one, human cloning isn’t currently possible. Further, there is no way to guarantee that a clone will be as healthy as the animal from whose cells the clone was created.

In 1996, Dolly, a sheep, became the first successfully cloned mammal. The average lifespan of a sheep is 12 years, but Dolly was euthanized in 2002. At six-and-a-half years old, she had already developed a progressive lung disease. She also had shorter telomeres than other sheep of a comparable age. Telomeres are pieces of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes. Since telomeres shorten as cells divide, they are considered an indication of an animal’s age. Based on Dolly’s lung disease and the length of her telomeres, scientists speculate that she was actually born six years old, the same age as that of the sheep from which she was cloned.

5. Babylon Babies by Maurice Dantec

Concept: Designer Babies

In Maurice Dantec’s 1999 novel, a woman is carrying genetically modified twins whose birth might forever change the human race. Unlike most of the scientific advancements on this list, this one isn’t currently impossible. In 2018, Chinese researcher Jiankui He created the first babies with artificially increased resistance to HIV. Afterward, the embryos were implanted in the mother’s uterus, and the babies were born healthy.

Technically, these weren’t designer babies, because their parents weren’t selecting particular genes. However, the same gene editing techniques could be used to create designer babies. Gene editing in embryos is permitted in Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, and Sweden. Gene editing is scientifically possible, but there’s not international consensus regarding whether it’s ethicalConsistent gene editing could allow certain countries to practice genocide or produce physically and intellectually enhanced soldiers that would give them an advantage during international conflicts.

4. The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin

Concept: Utopia

Ursula K. Le Guin’s 1979 novel The Dispossessed isn’t the only science fiction novel depicting a utopian future for humankind. Though no author who has imagined the future as a utopia is right (so far), Le Guin’s utopia is unique for two reasons. First, her world has an anarchic planet, Anarres, that’s rich in resources. It’s a colony of an arid planet, Urras. Even in a utopia, inhabitants of Anarres are deprived of their own natural resources. Second, the novel’s protagonist, Shevek, fares better than his real world model. Shevek was modeled on a family friend of Le Guin’s, J. Robert Oppenheimer.

Shevek makes the citizens of Anarres question both the limits of their personal autonomy and the consequences of exercising it. By contrast, Oppenheimer’s expertise made the first atomic explosion possible in 1945. Unfortunately, he was stripped of his job title, chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission, when he opposed the United States’ development of a hydrogen bomb. Asking the American government to critique its own use of personal autonomy cost Oppenheimer his professional reputation.

3. The Time Machine by H.G. Wells

Concept: Time Travel

H.G. Wells’ 1895 novella isn’t the only story involving time travel. However, Wells popularized the idea that humans could invent a machine that makes time travel possible. Technically, time travel exists. As previously mentioned, Einstein’s theory of special relativity says time is relative, and one’s perception of time varies based on how quickly one is moving. Astronauts living in space are moving more quickly than people on Earth. Therefore, an astronaut living in space for a year will age slightly less than people who are living on Earth during that year.

The Large Hadron Collider moves protons at almost the speed of light, essentially propelling them into the future. The kind of time travel that Wells writes about — the kind that’s controlled  by humans and measured based on a Western European perception of time — isn’t possible. In 2015, Ali Razeghi, the managing director of Iran’s Center for Strategic Inventions, claimed he had invented a machine that could accurately predict five to eight years into a person’s future. His claim was debunked when he declined to release the design for his time machine.

2. The Xenu Files by L. Ron Hubbard

Concept: The Origin Of Humanity

Unlike most of the entries on this list, The Xenu Files isn’t a novel. L. Ron Hubbard was a writer of popular science fiction short stories, but he’s most famous for founding the Church of Scientology. Scientologists pay a minimum of a quarter of a million dollars to audit Scientology courses. Once they reach the level of Operating Thetan 3, they are permitted to read the religion’s origin myth. According to the 2015 HBO documentary Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief, the origin myth, which was handwritten between 1966 and 1967, is stored at the church’s Advanced Organization Building.

According to Hubbard, Xenu, the dictator of the Galactic Federation, needed to solve his planet’s overpopulation problem. He sent his own subjects to Earth, then called Teegeeack. There, they were strapped to atomic bombs and hurled into volcanoes. The spirits of Xenu’s subjects, called Thetans, cling to contemporary humans. The only way to rid oneself of Thetans is through the Scientologists’ practice of auditing. In auditing, someone talks about events from his or her previous lives while an auditor reads an e-meter (a lie detector). The person’s truthfulness, as determined by the auditor, shows how susceptible the person is to Thetans.

If these religious practices seem like they belong in a science fiction novel, perhaps that’s because science fiction readers were the original intended audience for Hubbard’s ideas. After failing to convince doctors, psychologists, and explorers to integrate his ideas into their professional practices, Hubbard appealed to the science fiction readers who were fans of his work. He and his editor, John W. Campbell, Jr., developed the system of dianetics, a term used to describe the methodology of Scientology. Hubbard’s first article about dianetics appeared in a 1950 issue of the magazine Astounding. Campbell, who owned the magazine, primarily published science fiction short stories, including Hubbard’s. Later, Hubbard used one of his science fiction short stories, “Masters of Sleep,” as a prolonged advertisement for dianetics. In his 2012 post for The Village Voice, Tony Ortega says Scientologists might be more susceptible to Hubbard’s origin story in The Xenu Files because many of them have vividly experienced past lives during auditing. For Hubbard’s early readers, the process was much simpler. They encountered information about dianetics in the same magazine that had published Hubbard’s science fiction.

1. The Blazing World by Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle

Concept: The Future

Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, isn’t noteworthy because her book contains prescient predictions. The North Pole isn’t a portal to another planet. We haven’t discovered a planet that we can verify is lit by the brightest stars ever created. No human has been transported to another planet, then declared war against her own home planet (unless alien victors have compromised our collective memory of the event).

No, Cavendish isn’t noteworthy because of how she envisioned the future. She’s noteworthy because of when she did it. Written in 1666, The Blazing World is widely regarded as the first science fiction novel. A respected poet, playwright, biographer, and essayist in her own time, Cavendish also created a genre. As Bronwyn Lovell says in her 2016 article for The Conversation, “Science Fiction’s Woman Problem,” science fiction is still a male-dominated genreStill, Cavendish ensured a future for female writers by creating a space for them.

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