Science fiction has the ability to transport us to entirely new worlds, to see the possibilities of the future. Writers and filmmakers often feature technology in a dystopic setting. From rogue machines to technological singularities, tech itself becomes the source of mankind’s downfall.

Major figures in the tech industry are even starting to fear their own creations. The likes of Elon Musk and Clive Sinclair worry about the rise of sentient machines. Max Tegmark has spoken about how AI could one day change the face of cyber warfare. And the late Stephen Hawking once fretted that tech would serve to manipulate political leaders and fool the financial markets.

This idea – that civilization is destroyed by the very thing that was designed to help it evolve – has fascinated movie-goers for decades. So, without further ado, let’s take a look at 10 behind-the-scenes facts about some of the most popular movies involving sci-fi dystopias.

Warning: this list contains major spoilers for many of the films discussed

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10 Blade Runner’s Script was a Contentious Affair

Today, Blade Runner is considered a cinematic masterpiece. But in the run-up to the film’s release in 1982, others were not so sure. The script for the film was based on the Philip K. Dick novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? The author slammed the original draft of the screenplay, claiming it stripped his story of all meaning and subtlety. Dick’s opinion only changed after David W. Peoples, who had previously worked on Return of the Jedi, was brought in to rehash the script.

Meanwhile, Harrison Ford hated the idea that his character, Rick Deckard, was an unwitting replicant. Director Ridley Scott was insistent on the twist. But preview screenings of the film left the audience confused. Scott hastily tore out some of the more ambiguous scenes, including those that alluded to Deckard’s status as an android. For the theatrical release, Warner Bros instructed Harrison Ford to record voiceovers explaining what was happening during certain moments. It is said that Ford’s flat delivery was aimed at stopping the studio from using the material – something the star later denied.

Meanwhile, studio executives were on the verge of wrestling control of the project away from Scott. Blade Runner’s impressive visuals had caused the film to go over budget by millions of dollars, and the director’s fastidious nature meant he was running behind schedule. Work on the film’s ending was equally contentious, with disgruntled crew members working 36 hours to wrap things up.

Blade Runner concludes with replicant Roy Batty (Rutger Hauer) chasing Deckard across the rooftops of Los Angeles. Batty spares Deckard’s life and, in his dying moments, delivers the now-famous “Tears in Rain” speech. In the early hours of the morning, Hauer re-wrote this part of the script and pitched the scene to his boss. “It was one o’clock in the morning. I was gonna be fired at 3,” explained Ridley Scott. “And then somebody says Rutger wants you. I said, ‘Oh s**t!’” Scott marched to the actor’s trailer and listened to the revised speech. “He read it, and it was great… I said, ‘that’s what we’re gonna do.’”

9 The Terminator 2 Crew Redirected a River

At the time of its release in 1991, Terminator 2 (T2) was the most expensive film ever made, with an eye-watering budget of around $100 million. The James Cameron epic follows the journey of John Connor as he attempts to evade a T-1000 model robot that was sent back in time to assassinate him. A T-800 (Arnold Schwarzenegger) saves the day, spiriting Connor away on a Harley-Davidson. As the two make their escape through a Los Angeles canal, the T-1000 pursues them in a tow-truck. This sequence was no easy undertaking.

Firstly, the studio had to ensure the canal was completely dry for the shoot. They achieved this feat by diverting a nearby river with sandbags. The crew then built a fake wall on the canal overpass. A truck was plowed into the wall, nose-diving into the canal below. The team then realized that the truck was too tall to drive under the canal bridges. So, using a little bit of creative thinking, they came up with a scene in which one of the bridges shears off the vehicle’s roof. Arnie’s 30-foot motorcycle jump was achieved by suspending the bike from two cranes, situated either side of the canal. The Harley-Davidson was then pulled off the overpass at 35 mph, with the suspension wires limiting the force of the impact. The stunt was performed 20 times before capturing the perfect shot.

It is little wonder that T2 used up so much of its budget on special effects. A detailed miniature of the entire city of Los Angeles was created to portray the city’s apocalyptic destruction – a scene that nuclear experts praised for its realism. The crew also resurrected an old steelworks factory, blew up an office complex with hundreds of gallons of gasoline, lit up a freeway with 10 miles of electrical cabling, and staged an explosive helicopter crash.

8 The Academy Accused Tron of ‘Cheating’

Tron pioneered the use of computer graphics in the movie industry, inspiring a generation of animators to pursue a career in film. But it was actually video games like Pong and Breakout that inspired Tron’s unique aesthetics. The special effects team captured this arcade vibe by making frame-by-frame edits of live-action sequences. The scenes were originally shot in black and white, with black and white sets and costumes. This allowed animators to add Tron’s distinctive neon colors during post-processing. These edits were then combined with a range of computer generated effects, all produced using the combined talent of some of America’s biggest FX companies. For example, Magi Synthavision created the lightcycles, tanks, and recognizers. Triple-I worked on the film’s baddie, the evil Master Control Program. And RA&A designed the landscapes for ENCOM’s digital mainframe.

This process was costly and time-consuming. According to the film’s storyboard artist, Bill Kroyer, Every CG object within a frame needed six numbers to describe its position in space. So for one hundred frames – amounting to just four seconds of footage – 600 numbers were needed to describe the object’s movement. With multiple objects, things became even more complicated. These datasets were then sent to the visual FX companies, which had to input the numbers manually into their computer systems. During the rendering phase, a single frame of footage could take as long as 10 minutes to make.

Given the film’s technical accomplishments, then, it may come as a surprise to learn that Tron did not receive an Oscar nomination for Best Visual Effects. The film’s director, Steven Lisberger, explained why the Academy Awards snubbed the film: “We did all those effects in about seven months, which included inventing the techniques. The Academy thought we cheated by using computers.”

7 Videodrome Turned James Woods into a Couch

David Cronenberg is well known for his body horror. From turning Jeff Goldblum into a giant fly to making a film about paraphiliacs who get off on watching car crashes, he’s done it all. And yet, nothing quite beats Videodrome. Released in 1983, Videodrome follows the life of a TV executive called Max Renn (James Woods). To boost his ratings, Renn broadcasts a violent snuff show called Videodrome. He eventually discovers the show is being used to transmit a high-frequency signal that causes viewers to develop malignant brain tumors. An arms company, it turns out, is using Videodrome to kill people who enjoy watching content of a violent and sexual nature.

Renn’s exposure to the signal causes him to undergo bizarre changes, both physically and mentally. While watching TV on the couch, a giant slit appears in his abdomen. He then, for reasons unknown, reaches into the opening with a loaded gun. For the scene to work, Cronenberg sought the expertise of Rick Baker, the legendary effects artist who worked on An American Werewolf in London. Baker’s team ended up building James Woods into the couch itself, before gluing a prosthetic torso to his belly.

After spending several days in the form of a couch, Woods vowed never again to do a movie that involved having things stuck to his body. “He turns to [co-star] Debbie Harry and says, ‘When I first got on this picture, I was an actor. Now I feel like I’m just the bearer of the slit,’” Cronenberg recalls. “And she said, ‘Now you know what it feels like.’”

6 The 12 Monkeys Director Wasn’t Keen on Bruce Willis

In 1995, director Terry Gilliam began musing over his sixth film project, 12 Monkeys. The studio put forward a number of big name actors to star in the lead role, including Tom Cruise and Nicolas Cage. Although the role was eventually handed to Bruce Willis, Gilliam had his reservations. It is said that Gilliam even gave the star a list of “Bruce Willis Clichés,” which he was supposed to avoid during shoots. “I explained to him my concerns about him as an actor. I hated that [pursed-lip expression] he does in his films when he gets a bit nervous. I thought, ‘God, that’s horrible’… Rectal. It’s like I’m looking at somebody’s asshole.”

Willis, who was filming the third installment of Die Hard at the time, would often struggle to shake his John McClane persona. In one scene, his character was supposed to fall to the ground after taking a blow to the head. Willis quarreled with the director, claiming the injury wouldn’t immobilize him. “‘You’re not John McClane, f**k off!’” Gilliam retorted. “He just went off and sulked by a tree and I just carried on shooting on without him and finally he came back.”

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5 District 9 was Partly Inspired by Zimbabwean Migration

While District 9 is heavily inspired by the South African apartheid, the film’s origins lie elsewhere. District 9 is set in the same world as Alive in Joburg – a short film produced by the South African director Neill Blomkamp. Similar to District 9, Alive in Joburg asks the question, “What would happen if aliens became stranded on Earth and our two species were forced to coexist with one another?” The short mockumentary shows a bunch of desperate extraterrestrials begging for shelter, water, and electricity on the streets of Johannesburg. Locals fear the aliens, accusing them of committing rape and murder. It turns out that many of these conversations were real.

“That’s actually where the idea came from,” explained Blomkamp. “There are aliens living in South Africa, I asked ‘What do you feel about Zimbabwean Africans living here?’ And those answers – they weren’t actors, those are real answers…” Blomkamp incorporated the responses into his short film, making it seem as though the interviewees were talking about space aliens.

South Africa is home to a large population of Zimbabweans. Most of the newcomers are economic migrants, who pay people smugglers to cross the Limpopo River into South Africa. Zimbabwe’s economy suffered terribly at the hands of its former president, the late Robert Mugabe. Spiraling levels of unemployment, inflation, and taxation has prompted a mass exodus from the beleaguered country.

District 9, following its release in 2009, got into hot water with another African nation. Nigerian officials attempted to ban the movie for depicting Nigerians engaging in weapon trafficking, cannibalism, and interspecies prostitution.

4 The Matrix: Reloaded Housed Low-Income Families

The Matrix Reloaded sees Neo (Keanu Reeves) return to the Matrix in pursuit of a program that helped to enslave humanity. A sentient race of machines created the program, known as the Architect, to make humans believe they were living out their lives normally. In reality, the entire population was trapped inside a simulation, while the machines used their bodies as a source of energy.

A number of programs attempt to stop Neo from reaching the Architect. An impressive chase sequence breaks out on a freeway, replete with slow motion gun fights, martial arts brawls, and vehicular destruction. Of course, this level of chaos couldn’t take place on an actual freeway, so the crew simply built one.

In Alameda, San Diego, the studio spent millions of dollars building a 1.5-mile stretch of road on an old navy runway. The project required 7,700 tons of concrete, 1,500 tons of steel, and 1,500 tons of lumber. Once filming was over, Warner Bros worked with the county to dismantle the sets. The salvaged materials were then used to make homes for low-income families in Mexico. For both sequels, 97 percent of the deconstructed sets were recycled, amounting to 11,000 tons of material.

3 A.I. Surpassed Jurassic Park’s Animatronics

A.I. Artificial Intelligence started out as a passion project for Stanley Kubrick. The acclaimed director started development of the film in the 1970s, collaborating with various writers to produce a script. But Kubrick soon realized that the technology needed to achieve his vision did not exist. With the release of Jurassic Park in 1993, Kubrick became convinced that Steven Spielberg should direct his movie. Following Stanley’s death in 1999, the Kubrick family persuaded Spielberg to take over.

A.I. shows humanity on the brink of war with its own robotic creations, or mechas. To design the mechas, Spielberg brought together a team of CGI and animatronics experts. With Stan Winston at the helm, who had previously worked on Jurassic Park and The Terminator, shooting was wrapped up in just 68 days. Some of the actors spent up to three hours in the makeup chair as artists transformed them into discarded mechas. In one scene, a group of damaged robots, played by amputees, are seen scouring a landfill in search of replacement parts. The film took advantage of Winston’s mistakes, using a mountain of failed props to populate the mecha graveyard.

One of the most sophisticated animatronics was a 3-foot-tall teddy bear. According to Winston, Teddy was even more sophisticated than the T-Rex and velociraptors in Jurassic Park. The model used during action shots housed a total of 50 servo motors – half of which were needed just to simulate the bear’s facial expressions. In a sense, the technicians became actors themselves, adjusting Teddy in real time to make sure his reactions and movements were believable.

One of the most difficult aspects of Teddy’s scenes was getting the lighting to look natural. VFX supervisor Scott Farrar explained the problem: “The giant ape in Mighty Joe Young (1998) only had an average of 700,000 hairs, and they were a foot long. This little pipsqueak teddy bear has a million and a half little hairs, and each of those has eight curve segments to it. That’s 12 million manipulations to worry about!”

2 Ridley was Booted from Blade Runner 2049’s Set

Ridley Scott did not direct the sequel to Blade Runner 2049. That was left to the Canadian film director Denis Villeneuve. As executive producer, Scott often made appearances on set, hovering over Villeneuve’s shoulder. The director eventually expressed his discomfort: “He came on set one day and, after a few minutes having him behind me, it was unbearable. I made a joke, I said to him, ‘Hey, Ridley, who’s your favorite director?’ He said, ‘Oh, I love Ingmar Bergman and Kubrick’… so I said, ‘How would you feel if you were on set directing, and you had Bergman just behind you.” While Kubrick took the comment in good spirits, he quickly got the message and left.

2049 was not the box office hit that many were expecting, falling far short of its $300 million production and marketing costs. Ridley Scott claims the movie flopped because it was “f**king way too long.” As for where the franchise goes next, Scott says he’s currently working on ideas for the next movie.

1 The Original Ending to Star Wars was Dark

In the Empire Strikes Back, Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) sees a vision of his own face underneath Darth Vader’s mask. Later, Vader gives Luke the iconic “I am your father” speech, before trying to turn him to the dark side. The Revenge of the Jedi leans heavily into the idea of Skywalker turning. He spends much of the film dressed in black slaying his enemies with a light saber. Many have theorized that Luke used the dark side to overpower Vader during their final confrontation. After he slices off Vader’s hand, Emperor Palpatine goads the young Jedi: “Your hate has made you powerful.”

The final episode, originally called Revenge of the Jedi, could have been much darker. One possible ending to the original trilogy would see Luke following in his father’s footsteps. George Lucas suggested to co-writer Lawrence Kasdan that Skywalker should turn after Vader reveals his face. From a transcript of the meeting: “Luke takes his mask off. The mask is the very last thing – and then Luke puts it on and says, ‘Now I am Vader.” Luke would then make it his mission to destroy the Rebel fleet. Kasdan reportedly loved this idea.

Mark Hamill is also on record saying he pushed Lucas to turn Skywalker into a villain. Harrison Ford wanted Han Solo to die fighting the Empire on Endor, caring little about what happened to his character. But Lucas decided against both ideas, believing the film needed to appeal to a younger audience.

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As technology becomes more advanced by the year, the products that were once only seen in movies set in the future have now become available for us as regular consumers. Household robots that can do our chores? Got it. Delivery drones? We have those now too.

With the number of technological advancements we’ve made in recent years, the possibilities for the future are infinite. Maybe that dystopian future controlled by robots isn’t too far off after all…

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10 Amazon Astro

In this day and age, we have robots that can complete tasks of any kind in your home. The iRobot will assist you in vacuuming. Keurig will provide you with that oh-so-necessary cup of Joe before work, and you only have to turn to your smart speakers to tell you the weather.

Amazon’s new Astro home robot is one that will trump them all. More pet than robot, Amazon Astro has the capabilities to map out your home and perfectly orient itself with the different rooms in your house. In doing so, Astro can perform security checks while you are away using facial recognition features, deliver things to other rooms in your house, or even play movies and TV shows. This thing won’t give you the creeps like the NS-5 machines from the film I, Robot. Instead, it ventures around your home on three wheels and greets you with two large eyes on its main screen, which gives it a more cute-than-scary look. Although Astro is still only available to buy through invitation, anyone can request one. It likely won’t be long before Astro is widely available.^[1]

9 Transparent TV Screens

We’ve seen them in about every futuristic movie out there, from Divergent to The Maze Runner and even Iron Man when using Jarvis. Those with a fab for futuristic screens of all types will be pleased to know that multiple companies are rolling out their own versions of the sought-after transparent screen televisions.

Among the top brands is LG, which has 55-inch OLED screens that are, you guessed it, transparent. This screen by LG is mainly geared to be used as a commercial storefront display. However, it is only a matter of time before they start hitting the consumer market, and you’ll be able to have one right in your living room.

Another major brand in the clear TV market is Chinese manufacturer Xiaomi, which released a transparent TV for home use back in 2020. Although the hefty price tag of $7,200 made it basically out of the question for any sane person, the TV set was still a marvel of technology. Similar to LG’s version, it is a 55-inch OLED panel capable of being fully transparent when in use or turned off.^[2]

8 VR Headsets

Who doesn’t love the ideas of a world with endless possibilities, as seen through the headsets worn by characters in Ready Player One? Indeed, with some of the events that are happening in the real world, wouldn’t it be nice to have an escape from reality?

With the invention of virtual reality headsets back in 1968, this was now possible. Although it wouldn’t become popular until the mid-2010s, VR is now widely used today for both commercial and entertainment purposes. Boosted by the Covid-19 pandemic, total virtual and augmented reality headset sales reached 11.2 million units just last year. Virtual reality is likely the future of gaming, as it provides a much more immersive experience for the user. Not only that, it provides great commercial uses as both consumers and producers can have more in-depth interactions with their products through VR.^[3]

7 Self-Driving Cars

A bit of an obvious one but necessary to put in nonetheless. We all know that the primary purpose of robots is to make one’s life easier. In arguably the most gruesome part of the day, sitting in traffic for your morning commute, wouldn’t it be better if you could just sit back and relax while the car does all the work for you?

A car’s ability to do this is nearly here. With Tesla’s autopilot feature, one of the most advanced in the industry, users can just sit back while the car can accelerate, slow down, or even change lanes for you. There’s no doubt many people would love to use this feature in heavy traffic or an open stretch of road. The real question is whether or not you would trust the system after the various incidents that have occurred while people were using autopilot and not paying attention.

Another company at the forefront of the self-driving car industry is Mercedes-Benz, the first company to sell a level-3 autonomous vehicle in 2022. Even on their home page for autonomous research, they claim, “Today’s discussion no longer revolves around whether the technology will deliver on its promise but whether people want what the technology can deliver.”^[4]

6 Smart Glasses

Wearable technology has had an upward trend in recent years, especially with products like the Apple Watch and self-lacing shoes. Now, that technology has moved elsewhere, to the inner parts of eyeglass lenses.

There has been a fair share of companies that have taken a step toward making various types of smart glasses. Some take pictures, others play music, but the ones that are really from the future are the glasses that can display information on the lenses right in front of your eyes. Companies such as Google have created smart glasses that will make you look like a cyborg. However, the average consumer wants smart glasses which could pass as normal ones.

Many of the smart glasses of today use augmented reality features so the user can watch movies, look at navigation instructions, and do other small tasks. Glasses such as the Vusik Blade also have built-in cameras. The downside is that they are expensive and chunky.

Apple has been rumored to be entering the smart glasses market sometime in the near future. With the amount of AR technology that they are bringing into their current product lineup, this prediction doesn’t seem too unrealistic.^[5]

5 3D Printers

Having the ability to make basically anything in a matter of a few hours seems like something that can only be accomplished with the highest level of industrial machinery. In the early 2010s, 3D printers were still extremely expensive for hobbyists and private consumers. Premium features such as heated printing beds and a thinner filament were only available on higher-end models.

When Creality entered the market in 2018 with its Ender product line, the standards for hobbyist 3D printing were set. This printer had all the features of higher-end competitors, but its big selling point was the price. Now, consumers could purchase the Ender 3 for under $200, something that was unheard of at the time of its release.

Nonetheless, 3D printing technology is something that has revolutionized almost every industry. Parts of any proportion or size can be readily available in a couple of hours for very low costs. (LINK 16) As long as you learn the software to use these machines from the future, the possibilities that can be created with 3D printers really are endless.^[6]

4 Iris Scanning Smartphones

It’s always cool when we see a movie character approach a door that leads to a top-secret room, and then they lean into the keypad and have their retinas scanned. Nowadays, features like this exist in the most abundant pieces of technology that we use: our smartphones!

Chinese phone maker Fujitsu was the first to introduce iris scanning to a smartphone in 2015. Since then, it hasn’t been an incredibly popular feature, especially with recent phones, but it has been one of the coolest. Samsung made this feature available on its Galaxy S9 and S9+ models, which were the best-selling phones when they were released.

Biometric passcodes such as fingerprint readers or facial recognition are featured on nearly every new smartphone today, especially the flagship models. Despite more companies choosing those methods over iris scanning, it is still a cool feature that is usually only seen in sci-fi movies before coming to the consumer phone market.^[7]

3 Smart Refrigerators

Here’s a piece of history I bet you didn’t know: Refrigerators that can connect to the internet have been around since the late ’90s. In fact, one of the first newspaper references to smart refrigerators was claiming that you could “live like the Jetsons.” But really, an internet-connected fridge? What’s the point?

The smart fridges of today can display useful information such as the weather outside or current news. The most useful feature they offer is the ability to see the items inside without having to open the door. Although this feature will really not save you any time at all (since by the time you command the fridge to take a photo, you could have already opened the door), it is still cool to see a typical household item be given a neat element of technology. After all, who wouldn’t want to have the ability to watch TV or movies on your fridge?

Overall, these fridges haven’t been popular since every feature available on them is also available on that smartphone you always keep in your pocket. But who knows? Maybe one day, they’ll be smart enough to do the grocery shopping for you?^[8]

2 Smart…Rings?

Adding to the category of wearable technology from a dystopian future are wearable rings. Sound odd? Yeah, I agree. Most of the smart rings on the market have features similar to your average FitBit. They can monitor heart rate and even your blood oxygen levels.

The cool factor in smart rings comes in the other features it has. Monitoring health is a pretty good start, but the ability to make phone calls in just a tiny ring is a step up. With the ORII smart ring, you can do just that. Although a little larger than other rings in physical size, it could be advantageous for those who may not like wearing smartwatches to have the ability to make phone calls with a tiny ring on their finger. Another cool thing this ring can do is turn off smart lights, open smart blinds, and more through the use of gestures. An all-in-one ring that can do just as much as a phone in a form that’s a fraction of the size. Now that is some cool technology.^[9]

1 Live Video Drones

The concept of drones itself seems to stem directly from a dystopian future. Drones that can make deliveries, security drones, drones that can go places humans can’t—the list goes on and on. Drones have recently become extremely popular with consumers and hobbyists, as they can be purchased for cheap and are a lot of fun for some people to build.

In this day and age, drones are already changing the industry. They can look and see where wildfires are spreading, survey and spray crops on farms, and even assist law enforcement at large events. The technology and agility in quadcopters are very impressive, allowing them to have many different uses. Not so long ago, drones were only seen in predictions of what the future would look like. However, nowadays, drones are everywhere and readily available for people to buy at little cost.^[10]