When we read about catastrophes, food is usually the last cause we think of. Natural disasters such as fires, floods, cyclones, and tsunamis usually come to mind, or there’s the suffering brought on by drought, war, and famine. Industrial disasters have also been fairly common throughout history, from early factory fires and accidental encounters with dangerous equipment to toxic chemical spills in modern industry.

However, you may not have known that food manufacture can sometimes be a dangerous business. Many of our most common foods are capable of going off with quite a bang under the wrong conditions. Did you know that we have had fires, floods, and explosions caused by some of our most seemingly innocent foodstuffs?

10 London Beer Flood

A tsunami of beer may seem like an ale-lover’s dream, something that might even be joked about around the bar. However, it was no laughing matter for residents in one of London’s poorest districts in 1814, when they were inundated with a river of ale.

On October 17 of that year, a vat of beer in the Meux and Co. Brewery suddenly burst when one of the metal rings securing it failed. This sparked a bizarre chain reaction. The vat then toppled surrounding beer kegs, releasing over 1.47 million liters (388,000 gal) of beer into the surrounding neighborhood.

The huge tsunami of ale rushed through the brewery wall, drowning a waiter in the adjoining tavern before flowing down Great Russell Street. While some locals reportedly rushed to enjoy their “free pint,” surrounding homes were extensively damaged. A further seven people were killed in the tidal wave of beer that flooded the area.^[1] Most fatalities occurred in a small lane behind the brewery, where residents were trapped by the oncoming rush of beer.

The coroner’s report declared the accident a natural, if not somewhat bizarre, disaster.

9 Boston’s Great Molasses Flood

Residents in a Boston neighborhood met with a sticky end in 1919 following an accident at the Purity Distilling Company plant. Unusually warm temperatures caused an 8.7-million-liter (2.3 million gal) tank of molasses to buckle and explode. As the sugary mess flooded from the factory, surrounding buildings were swept away. The flood killed 21 people and injured 150, according to news reports at the time.

A number of buildings were damaged in the initial explosion, and others were damaged by the wave of molasses, adding their debris to the sticky flood, which eventually flowed into the harbor. The explosion was so strong that a section of the nearby Boston Railway was damaged when debris landed on the lines. There were reports that the sickly sweet smell of molasses pervaded the area for months to come.

Investigations concluded that the combination of a defect in the storage tank and the warm weather had caused the explosion. Today, a plaque on Commercial Street commemorates the bizarre disaster.^[2]

8 Fruit Juice Flood

When agricultural prices are low, markets can be flooded with fruit. Farmers often sell their produce for pulp to be made into juice. However, a Russian town was literally inundated with fruit juice following a warehouse accident in 2017.

The roof of the beverage manufacturing plant in the small town of Lebedyan collapsed, injuring two workers. Stocks of packaged fruit juices held in the warehouse were damaged as the roof caved in on the factory. As rescuers attempted to clear the wreckage, several tons of mixed juice stored in the warehouse escaped, flooding the town.^[3]

Attempts to contain the sticky torrent of liquid flowing through the streets proved fruitless. The river of juice eventually seeped into the River Don. Fortunately, no lives were lost in the accident. The workers trapped inside the building were taken to the hospital with minor injuries.

7 Tapioca Tanker Disaster

In 1972, a Swiss freighter narrowly avoided sinking after accidentally cooking the world’s largest tapioca pudding in its hull. The Cassarate was transporting a mixed cargo of lumber and grains when a fire broke out in the timber decks in the upper holds. For 25 days, the crews watered the smoldering flames in an attempt to contain the fire.

However, the water seeped into the lower decks, where the cargo of tapioca was held. The water from firefighting efforts, combined with the heat from the blaze, effectively “cooked” the tapioca into a dessert large enough to feed a million people. This caused the grain to swell, threatening to burst the ship’s hull at the seams.

The tanker made an emergency docking in Cardiff, Wales. Here, firefighters continued to control the lumber blaze, before pondering the question of what to do with the 500 truckloads of tapioca pudding.^[4]

6 Glasgow Distillery Fire

The quality of whiskey was once tested by its flammability. However, this very quality caused one of the worst disasters in modern Scottish history. A Glasgow distillery fire in 1960 saw huge vats of pure alcohol exploding like bombs, showering the surrounding area with debris. As the alcohol-fueled fire raged out of control, blue flames could be from everywhere in the city.

The Arbuckle, Smith, and Co. Limited warehouse on Cheapside Street held over 3.8 million liters (one million gal) of whiskey and over 117,000 liters (31,000 gal) of proof rum. When a fire broke out in the warehouse, the highly flammable alcohol exploded, with the fire destroying a nearby tobacco warehouse and several other buildings.^[5]

Over 400 firefighters were called to the scene, which was described as Britain’s worst peacetime fire. As the walls of the bond store continued to collapse, 19 firefighters were killed attempting to control the blaze, which took a week to contain.

5 Norwegian Goat Cheese Fire

Cheese seems like a fairly harmless food, but you may want to be aware of its flammable qualities the next time you are melting cheese on toast. Its combustible properties were put on spectacular show during a Norwegian truck accident.

In 2013, a truckload of Brunost cheese was being driven through the a tunnel in Tysfjord in Northern Norway. The truck driver noticed a fire at the rear of the truck, abandoning his load around 300 meters (1,000 ft) into the tunnel. The high sugar and fat content in the brown cheese caused it to burn “almost like petrol,” sending toxic fumes through the tunnel.^[6]

Emergency services were forced to wait until the toxic, cheesy fumes subsided before they could begin recovery operations. The tunnel was closed for several weeks due to damage caused by the bizarre cheese fire.

4 Washburn A Mill Fire

In 1878, residents in Minneapolis were rocked by a massive “flour bomb” as an explosion at a flour mill shook the town, killing 18 mill workers. Fire broke out in the basement of the Washburn A flour mill, the town’s major employer. An eyewitness account at the time tells of watching the fire progressively light up one floor of the seven-story building at a time. Before long, the massive stone building was reduced to a pile of rubble.

The fire broke out during a shift change, with workers having no time to evacuate before the flour ignited, setting off a series of blasts. It took only a matter of minutes for the explosive flour fire to obliterate the building and send debris flying, destroying surrounding mills and killing four more people. Due to the intensity of the explosions, residents in surrounding towns feared an earthquake had occurred.

A coroner’s report concluded that highly combustible flour dust had fueled the explosions.^[7]

3 Hawaiian Molasses Spill

While no one was killed in Hawaii’s brush with molasses, it still caused a sticky environmental issue.

Sugarcane plantations surrounding Honolulu send their produce to be processed and sent to the mainland for sale. In 2013, a leak occurred in a pipeline which was carrying molasses from the sugarcane processing plants to cargo ships waiting in Honolulu Harbor. Over 871,000 liters (230,000 gal) of molasses seeped into the harbor, causing an environmental issue similar to a major oil spill.^[8]

Thousands of fish and other marine life began suffocating in the sticky mess. Luckily, the spill proved simpler to rectify than an oil spill. Unlike oil, sugar is soluble in water, so the sticky mess eventually dissipated, and the water quality in the harbor returned to normal.

2 German Chocolate Flood

Streets paved with chocolate seem like something straight from a fairy tale. However, it was a reality for residents of the small German town of Westonnen in December 2018.

In a scene from Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, a vat of liquid chocolate in the DreiMeister factory overflowed. Over a metric ton of molten chocolate flowed like a river down the street, solidifying quickly in the brisk winter air. Resident chocolate-lovers were held back from the scene to allow workers a sweet break to clear the hazard.

Roads were closed for several hours as cleanup crews worked with shovels and blowtorches to remove the solidified chocolate from the roadway. Unlike Hansel and Gretel, they were not encouraged to break off a piece of the candy to have a taste. The manufacturer was quick to reassure customers that the incident wouldn’t affect the availability of chocolate for Christmas.^[9]

1 Gunnedah Pet Food Explosion

A series of explosions in an Australian pet food manufacturing plant caused in excess of AUD $10 million worth of damage in 2003.

Residents in the rural town of Gunnedah thought they were experiencing an earthquake when a series of explosions shook the town late one night. A boiler explosion in the nearby pet food plant was felt up to 20 kilometers (12 mi) away. More than 30 homes and ten other buildings within the vicinity of the factory were damaged. Windows shattered in the blast, damage was caused by flying debris, and the scene was described as “a war zone.”^[10]

Residents reported seeing a mushroom cloud over the plant as the wheat dust used in production caught fire. LPG gas cylinders within the plant continued to ignite, causing ongoing explosions throughout the night as emergency crews evacuated residents and fought to bring the situation under control.

Fortunately, there were no casualties in the explosions, although the building was quickly reduced to a twisted mess of metal girders.

Lesley Connor is a retired Australian newspaper editor, providing stories for online publications and her travel blog.

Sometimes tragedies do more than cause death and destruction. Sometimes they detract attention away from other, seemingly lesser events. Big disasters – wars, killer hurricanes, assassinations – tend to jam our ability to fully absorb concurrent crises.

In chronological order, here are ten catastrophes that, to varying degrees, were overshadowed by more prominent catastrophes.

10 NYC Horrors That Were As Traumatic As 9/11

10 Uncivil: The Sand Creek Massacre

Fortunately for America’s first inhabitants, during the Civil War US soldiers were largely too busy slaughtering each other to slaughter Indians. There were, however, exceptions, including a four-month fight with the Dakota people in 1862. The US lost more than 100 servicemen and 350 settlers before driving the tribe’s famously fearsome warriors back. The dust-up took a backseat to such momentous events as the Battle of Antietam—the bloodiest in American history—and the Emancipation Proclamation.

An even lesser-known conflict was the 1864-65 Colorado War, in which Cheyenne, Arapaho and Lakota forces battled US soldiers and Colorado militiamen. The staggered, skirmish-centric confrontations were indecisive and unremarkable save for a lone event: one of the most disgraceful mass murders in US military history.

On November 29, 1864, 675 men led by Colonel John Chivington crossed into Indian territory. The soldiers sacked the village of Black Kettle – over which flew both an American flag and a white flag of truce – and killed about 230 Indians, mostly unarmed women, children, and elderly. There were no enemy combatants whatsoever in the village.

Unrepentant and unenlightened even for the mid-19th Century, Chivington declared “I have come to kill Indians, and believe it is right and honorable to use any means under God’s heaven to kill Indians… Kill and scalp all, big and little; nits make lice.” A military investigation found Chivington culpable, but not until he’d returned to civilian life. He defended what became known as the Sand Creek Massacre until his death in 1894.

9 The SS Mendi: 600 Dead in a Desensitized Nation

One of the UK’s deadliest nautical disasters was also one of its most underrecognized, for two main reasons.

Shortly before daybreak on February 21, 1917, the SS Mendi, a British passenger steamship outfitted for troop transport during World War I, was accidentally rammed in dense fog by the Darro, a Royal Mail Steam Packet Company cargo ship three times the Mendi’s tonnage. The Darro survived; the Mandi did not, and more than 600 of her crew perished.

The first reason the disaster went relatively unnoticed is its timing. Coming off a year, 1916, that included the Battle of the Somme – the bloodiest battle in world history, and one in which the British suffered 125,000 dead and 420,000 total casualties – the UK was well on its way to amassing an ungodly 750,000 WWI combat deaths. Amid the most hellish war in its history, 600 men dying in a seafaring accident didn’t make too many waves.

The other factor was the Mendi’s occupants, the majority of whom were black African soldiers. And while many died in the collision or were trapped below deck as the Mendi quickly sank, many of the deaths may have been avoidable had the soldiers been more familiar with the ocean. Most had never seen the sea before this voyage, and very few could swim. So despite the Mendi’s escort, a steamer called the Brisk, swiftly scooping up some survivors, many drowned just seconds after entering the water.

8 A Deadly Secret

On July 16, 1945, the heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis set sail from San Francisco on a top-secret mission. Traveling at record-breaking speed, she reached Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in just over three days, then continued to the US occupied island of Tinian. Arriving on July 26, the Indianapolis delivered its package: enriched uranium for the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan just 11 days later.

The Indianapolis then visited Guam, before departing for Okinawa with 1,195 sailors – manpower for the bloody invasion of mainland Japan everyone thought was coming. Only of course it wasn’t – and the Indianapolis became a sort of deadly, naïve decoy. At 12:15am on July 30, two Japanese torpedoes landed direct hits. Twelve minutes later the ship rolled completely over, taking some 300 sailors down with it. The other 900 were adrift at sea.

Incredibly, no one seemed to notice. It took three and a half days for Navy command to learn of the ship’s sinking – and that was only when a smattering of survivors were spotted in the open ocean. By that time, only 316 men were left alive. The rest had met their ends in a variety of horrific ways, including drowning, hypothermia, shark attacks and even delirium-caused suicide and murder.

Overshadowed by the atomic bomb dropped just four days after the survivors were rescued, the ordeal was detailed years later in a captivating documentary.

7 An Assassin Changes a Nation’s Narrative

In early 1968, a trifecta of events may have shifted the trajectory of the United States’ continued involvement in the Vietnam War. In late January, North Vietnamese troops attacked US installations and South Vietnamese cities, taking territory and lives. What became known as the Tet Offensive sparked Walter Cronkite, the USA’s most respected broadcast journalist, to declare the conflict an unwinnable stalemate in late February.

March 31 brought another Vietnam bombshell: President Lyndon Johnson declared that he would not seek reelection. Considering he’d been among the most effective domestic policy presidents in the nation’s history, the sole reason for his decision was the bloody, misguided quagmire in Southeast Asia.

In three consecutive months, Americans were given three major hints that Vietnam was a waste of troops and treasure. Then, four days after Johnson announced his pending retirement, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

The country exploded. Riots, protests, vigils, prayer services. The most influential black civil rights leader in the nation’s history had been cut down by a white gunman. A sort of double-tragedy, King’s murder interrupted a much-needed reckoning with the failed Vietnam War, instead laser-focusing the country and the world on America’s longstanding racial discrimination and hate-fueled violence.

6 The Juice vs. The Genocide

Nothing exemplifies Americans’ warped priorities like their reactions to two simultaneous tragedies. One was a genocide in which 800,000 innocent people were butchered in Africa. The other was a double murder in which a celebrity allegedly butchered his ex-wife and her acquaintance. Guess which one we were tuned into?

On June 12, 1994, Nicole Brown-Simpson, ex-wife of superstar athlete and not-so-superstar actor OJ Simpson, was stabbed to death – in fact, she was nearly decapitated – along with her friend, Ronald Goldman. Five days later, all of America and much of the world was watching a live feed of Simpson, gun to his head in a white SUV, pursued by police down a Los Angeles highway.

By that time, in Rwanda, the majority Hutus were two months into a 100-day purge of the minority Tutsi population. The uprising was launched by coordinated radio announcements in early April, with lists of government opponents given to militias tasked with murdering them and their families.

Soon, the slaughter spread to the general Tutsi population. Neighbors killed neighbors and, for fear of being killed themselves, some Hutus even murdered their Tutsi spouses. The weapon of choice for most Hutu militants, the machete, became the macabre spectacle’s symbol.

The international community did shamefully little to stop the ethnic cleansing. Just a year removed from the disastrous Blackhawk Down episode in Somalia, the US was disinterested in another African conflict. Meanwhile, toothless UN peacekeepers pulled out after 10 Belgian soldiers were killed.

5 NYC’s Deadliest Plane Crash of 2001 was… in November?

Two months and one day after the September 11 attacks, a tragedy occurred that easily would have been America’s worst disaster in years: the second deadliest airplane crash in US history.

At 9:14am on November 12, 2001, American Airlines Flight 587 departed New York City’s John F. Kennedy airport, bound for the Dominican Republic. Just two minutes later, the Airbus A300 slammed into the heavily populated neighborhood of Belle Harbor, Queens. The crash killed 251 passengers, nine crew members and five people on the ground.

Understandably, everyone’s first and worst fear was that a bomb or suicide nosedive had caused the disaster. After all, how often does a multi-engine commercial airliner crash in a developed country – let alone in a city that was the prime target of an historic terrorist attack just two months prior?

Fortunately for New Yorkers’ frayed nerves, terrorism was quickly ruled out. The National Transportation Safety Board blamed the pilot’s overuse of rudder controls in response to wake turbulence – air disturbance from a preceding flight. The aggressive rudder use stressed the vertical stabilizer until it snapped off, dooming the aircraft. Flight 587 went into a flat spin, with the resulting aerodynamic load ripping off both engines. The last recorded words were First Officer Sten Molin screaming, “What the hell are we into? We’re stuck in it.”

4 Hurricane Who?

In 2005, the Atlantic saw its first and fourth most intensive hurricanes ever… and each took a backseat to a weaker yet deadlier storm.

In mid-September, three million people fled the Houston, Texas area in one of the largest evacuations in American history. They were avoiding Hurricane Rita, a Category 5 storm whose gigantic swath would eventually affect several Caribbean countries and every Gulf of Mexico state. As many as 125 people died, and $19 billion in damage was inflicted.

A month later, the most powerful Atlantic Hurricane on record directly impacted South Florida, ripping palm trees from roots and traffic lights from moorings. And this was AFTER it calmed down from a Category 5 to a Category 3. All totaled, Hurricane Wilma killed more than 30 and equaled Rita’s $19 billion price tag.

But in 2005, both were a drop in the bucket. In late August, Hurricane Katrina would score a direct hit on New Orleans, breaching the levees of a city largely below sea level. Katrina’s fatality toll of 1,836 makes it the fourth deadliest hurricane in history, but it was the images of a flooded city with desperate, predominantly black citizens that captivated the world’s attention.

Women with babies waving towels from rooftops. Days-old bodies floating in floodwater. Hungry, thirsty survivors stranded in an arena. Katrina was a pathetic poster child for America’s perceived incompetence and inherent racism.

3 26/11?

“9/11” is instantly recognizable as the date of the deadliest terrorism attack in US history, while “7/7” rings familiar as the day in 2005 when terrorists bombed three Underground trains and one bus in London.

A less famous tragedy – outside of India, anyway – was more protracted than 9/11 and more prolific and lethal than the UK attacks. For four days starting November 26, 2008, 10 members of the Pakistan-based extremist group Lashkar-e-Taiba carried out 12 coordinated shooting and bombing attacks across Mumbai.

While the Western world certainly noticed and condemned the massacre, the tragedy was overshadowed by the spiraling global financial crisis. In the US alone, nearly 250,000 jobs were lost in October; November’s numbers, released shortly after the Mumbai attacks, would be more than twice that as markets tanked and employers panicked. In late 2008, the West was looking inward, not outward.

But what an attack it was. Mumbai was basically the 2015 Paris attacks without Paris: terrorists armed with automatic weapons and grenades targeted civilians at cafes, railway stations and even hospitals. The ordeal included hostage-taking at a Jewish center and two luxury hotels, including the famous Taj Mahal Palace & Tower. In all, 174 people were killed in a tragedy known throughout India as 26/11.

2 Australia Burns as the World Melts Down

The 2008-09 Financial Crisis was so protracted and permeating that it distracted from other tragedies as well. By January 2009, monthly job losses in the United States were peaking at a staggering rate of 800,000 – a pace nearly matched in February and March. Russia also shed 800,000 jobs in December, doubling the United States’ per capita rate. Canada lost 129,000 jobs in January – its most ever – while Spain’s unemployment rate of 14.4% exemplified Europe’s spiral.

Amid the worldwide economic collapse, Australia suffered its deadliest wildfire ever – an event most people have never heard of. In early February, a series of fires began igniting across Victoria, Australia’s second most populated state. The blazes, many of which would merge into larger conflagrations, occurred during peak bushfire season, and in the wake of a brutal heatwave; Melbourne, Victoria’s capital, saw three consecutive days of temperatures exceeding 109° F (43° C), including a record-setting 113° F.

On Saturday, February 7, as many as 400 individual fires were recorded, earning the day its Black Saturday moniker. Over the following five weeks more than a million acres were singed. Fueled by high winds, the fast-spreading fires progressed too rapidly for many would-be evacuees. People burned in their homes, in their vehicles, on the street after abandoning cars on fire-blocked roads. In all, 173 people died and more than 400 were injured.

1 The Other Mass Killer from China

COVID-19 isn’t the only deadly scourge whose origin is traceable to China. Another is the marked rise in deaths attributed to arguably the most dangerous illicit drug in the world: fentanyl, a synthetic opioid pain reliever 50-100 times more potent than morphine and heroin.

While common prescription opioids like Vicodin, Percocet and OxyContin birthed the current overdose epidemic, fentanyl has played an outsized role in sustaining it. In the 12 months ending in May 2020, more than 81,000 Americans died of drug overdoses – a one-year record. Per the US Centers for Disease Control, synthetic opioids – “primarily illicitly manufactured fentanyl” – are the primary driver of increasing overdose deaths, with fatalities involving such substances jumping 38.4 percent from the previous 12-month period. Fentanyl also has been linked to increased deaths in the UK, Europe and Canada.

Overdose deaths involving cocaine increased by 26.5 percent, an uptick the CDC also links to co-use or contamination of cocaine with fentanyl or heroin. This is because cutting an expensive product like cocaine with comparably inexpensive fentanyl allows a drug dealer to get more baggies per brick without sacrificing potency.

Why fentanyl? Because it’s cheap, potent and versatile. Synthetic and cost-effective, most fentanyl is manufactured in large batches in China and shipped around the world via the black market.

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