Bear – Listorati https://listorati.com Fascinating facts and lists, bizarre, wonderful, and fun Sat, 24 Jun 2023 12:46:47 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.1 https://listorati.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/listorati-512x512-1.png Bear – Listorati https://listorati.com 32 32 215494684 Top 10 Adventures Too Extreme For Bear Grylls https://listorati.com/top-10-adventures-too-extreme-for-bear-grylls/ https://listorati.com/top-10-adventures-too-extreme-for-bear-grylls/#respond Sat, 24 Jun 2023 12:46:47 +0000 https://listorati.com/top-10-adventures-too-extreme-for-bear-grylls/

Bear Grylls of Man vs. Wild fame has lived an intense life. He was a member of the British SAS, has adventured all over the world, and has walked away from things that would kill an average person. There aren’t many things Grylls won’t do, but everyone has a limit — even him.

These ten adventures are those Grylls hasn’t done, and they may even be too extreme for him… or he hasn’t gotten to them yet. Either way, these adventures are some of the most extreme you can go on if you think you’re anywhere near Grylls’ level of intense adventuring.

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10 Volcano Boarding Down Cerro Negro

If you’re not familiar with “volcano surfing,” and think it has something to do with surfing a lava flow, you’re not too far off. Granted, the lava you’ll be surfing on the Cerro Negro just outside Leon, Nicaragua, has cooled considerably since it first erupted from the mountain.

That said, Cerro Negro is an active volcano, as it’s relatively new, having formed a little more than 160 years ago. The cone of the volcano is comprised of small grains of volcanic rock, and somebody figured out that it wasn’t only possible to surf down, it’s also a hell of a lot of fun!

This is one of those adventures that’s not prohibitively dangerous, though it isn’t without risk. To partake of the volcano’s thrills, you need to strap a wooden board to your back and hike 728 meters (2,388 feet) up the black, rocky mountain. It takes about 45 minutes, but once you reach the top, you get to surf down.

Depending on your level of skill (or insanity), you can either sit or stand atop the board as you head down. You have to wear a one-piece suit for crash protection, and you’ll be happy you have it if you fall. Volcanic rock is incredibly sharp, and falling could mean shredding your skin.[1]

9 The Running Of The Bulls

This particular adventure is one that most people have heard of before, as it’s quite well-known worldwide. Every year, the city of Pamplona, Spain, features the highly publicized running of the Bulls as part of the San Fermín festival, which is held annually from 6-14 July. A run is conducted first on the 7th and then continues each day of the festival at 8:00 am.

The running of the bulls has been publicly broadcast for more than 30 years, and that has resulted in all manner of tourists and locals coming to the city to participate in the event. To do so, you have to be at least 18-years-old, run in the direction of the bulls, not antagonize the animals, and not be under the influence of alcohol.

Participants don’t so much run with the bulls as they run from them, and it’s fairly dangerous. There are six bulls used in each run and two oxen groups, which amounts to several tons of freaked-out animals running like crazy at speeds reaching 24 kph (15 mph).

There are often injuries, and rarely, people are killed, though only 15 deaths have been recorded since record-keeping began in 1910. Participants are more likely to be injured by bumping into one another, or if a pileup occurs, which can result in high numbers of trampling injuries.[2][3]

8 Wing Walking

Bear Grylls has shown the world that despite his fear of heights, he’s more than willing to jump out of just about anything that flies. Still, he hasn’t done one of the most dangerous extreme sports available to a willing few. Wing walking is pretty much what it sounds like, and it’s not only dangerous, it’s difficult.

To wing walk, you’ll need a couple of things. First, you’ll need some training, and secondly, you’ll need a plane suitable for the endeavor. A jet isn’t going to work due to their speeds, so you’ll want to find a good old fashioned prop plane, and “old fashioned” is key.

Wing walkers typically use biplanes for their aerial acrobatics, which is what performers first used a century ago for daredevil shows. Wing walking is often more than merely strapping one’s feet to the wings of a plane. Many performers have demonstrated an ability to hang on during various aerial maneuvers.

Some have even crossed from one plane to another, though it’s not without risk. In 2018, Canadian rapper Jon “Jon James” McMurray died during a wing walk, which he was doing for a music video.[4] Typically, wing walking is left to professionals. Still, an average person can give it a shot — they’ll just need to attend training at places like the Mason Wing Walking Academy in Sequim, Washington.[5]

7 Shark-Diving Around Guadalupe Island Without A Cage

If you’ve seen Jaws, you probably have a fear of sharks, and while it’s rational to give these large fish space, the truth of Great White sharks is that they don’t like eating people. Unfortunately, they like to test bite things they don’t recognize, which could be incredibly dangerous for a diver.

Despite this, people cage-dive among sharks all the time, and because they have the protection of the cage, it’s far less dangerous than it looks. That’s fine for most people, but believe it or not, some divers prefer to chuck the cage and dive right in, though it’s incredibly rare.

It used to be more common, but Mexico rarely grants permits for people to swim its waters without a cage. Still, specialized shark diving permits are granted, so if you can meet the nation’s stringent requirements, you can share the water with a Great White shark, sans the cage.

Because there are far more interesting things for the sharks to eat than a diver, the risk is far less than most people think. Still, it is a risk, and shouldn’t be attempted without knowing what you’re getting yourself into, and at the end of the day, it’s always best to use a cage.[6]

6 Kayak Across The English Channel

The English Channel is between 240 km (150 mi) and 34 km (21 mi) wide, and like any stretch of dangerous water, it’s one people have been crossing in various ways for centuries. The waters are often frigid, and the Channel is one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes, which makes kayaking across dangerous.

It’s not the same as kayaking a dangerous river filled with rapids because it’s on open water. It’s best to charter support craft and guides to ensure you get to where you’re going safely. (LINK AAA) Making a crossing can take around six hours, so it’s not for the faint of heart.

Still, it’s possible to go on this particular adventure without being an expert kayaker. Training on the small craft for only a few months may be enough to ensure you get from the United Kingdom to the European mainland in one piece.

While it’s possible to make the crossing with minimal training, it would be wise to train for as much as a year before taking the trip. If you’re feeling particularly adventurous, you could attempt this without a support craft nearby, but it’s not recommended.[7][8]

Top 10 Most Dangerous Places on Earth

5 Ice Climbing Wolverine At Helmcken Falls

Bear Grylls is no stranger to dangerous climbs, and throughout his long adventurous career, he’s tackled some of the world’s most difficult mountains. There’s one climb he has yet to attempt, and it’s one that’s considered the most dangerous ice climb on the planet: Helmcken Falls.

Helmcken Falls is a gorgeous waterfall that sits along the Murtle River within Wells Gray Provincial Park in British Colombia, Canada. The falls measure 141 meters (463 feet), making them the fourth-highest in Canada. It’s a beautiful sight during the summer months, but once it gets cold, the whole thing freezes into a jagged and perilous series of sharp icicles.

It is possible to climb the falls, though it shouldn’t be attempted by anyone who isn’t an expert climber. When the falls freeze, they create an ice cone extending as high as 50 meters, so climbing them requires going up the cave the falls extend over, and it’s incredibly steep.

The most dangerous climb is called Wolverine, and it’s been rated a WI 11, which is the highest rating on the WI numeric scale. Wolverine is the only known climb to feature this rating, which involves steep climbing through aerated spray ice. The designation was given by Klemen Premrl and Tim Emmett after becoming the first to accomplish the feat in February 2012.[9]

4 Free Solo Climbing El Capitan

When a person goes rock climbing, they have a ton of gear, and depending on their level of expertise, that gear could mean the difference between life and death. For those climbers far more experienced than most, another option called “free solo climbing” is something they can do, but it’s not for novices.

Free-solo climbing means climbing all on your own without any rope, harnesses, or protective equipment. Essentially, it’s about the closest a person can get to becoming Spider-Man in real life, and there are an intrepid few who do it regularly.

The most dangerous rock to climb in this manner is arguably El Capitan, found in Yosemite National Park. The granite cliff is nearly 3,000 feet high, and it’s almost entirely vertical. If that sounds impossible, it’s actually been done before… by one person.

In 2017, Alex Honnold managed the climb without any ropes or safety gear. He began climbing at 5:32 am and made it to the top just under four hours later. While it’s certainly possible to attempt such a climb yourself, it isn’t recommended unless you’re at Honnold’s level.[10]

3 Cave Diving The Blue Hole

Diving is a relatively safe activity, so long as you have the proper training. When it comes to cave diving — that’s an entirely different activity, and it’s one of the most dangerous things a person can do. While diving any cave is potentially deadly, the most hazardous underwater cave is “The Blue Hole,” which is found north of Dahab, Egypt, in the Red Sea.

There are many so-called “Blue Holes” around the world, but only one people call The Blue Hole. It is a submarine sinkhole that is 100 meters (328 feet) deep with a shallow opening to the sea, known as the saddle. It has a 26 meter (85 feet) tunnel called “the Arch,” and the area has an abundance of coral and fish.

The Blue Hole attracts freedivers and cave divers from all over, but it’s widely known to be the deadliest dive spot anywhere on Earth. Estimates of fatalities have reached as high as 200+ divers.

People have found the bodies of divers in the Blue Hole’s depths, and there are memorial stones scattered about, marking their passing. The Blue Hole is navigable, and plenty of people survive diving it every year. Still, experienced divers have succumbed to its depths, so enter with caution.11

2 BASE Jumping Mount Everest

This adventure requires an excessive amount of training to do, seeing as it starts with climbing Mount Everest. Grylls famously climbed to the summit at the age of 23, but he didn’t take a flying leap off while wearing a wingsuit.

The feat seems impossible, but it’s actually been done once before. Valery Rozov was a famous Russian BASE jumper, and his biggest claim to fame (of many) was a successful BASE jump from the Changtse (northern peak of Mount Everest) using a specially-designed Red Bull wingsuit.

Rozov managed to jump from a height of 7,220 meters (23,690 feet), which was a record at the time. He glided down to the Rongbuk glacier more than 1,000 meters below, reaching speeds up to 125 mph on the trip.

It is possible to do what Rozov did. Still, it requires several things: you’ll need to use a similar wingsuit, you’ll need to train and hike the summit of Mt. Everest, and depending on where you do it, you may need permission from the Chinese government so you don’t violate their airspace.[12]

1 Solo Cross Antarctica

One of the most dangerous expeditions a person could ever undertake is a crossing of Antarctica. The frozen continent has long been a goal of many an explorer, and it wasn’t until 1911 that an expedition made it to the South Pole. That’s something Grylls has done but crossing the continent… that’s something altogether much more dangerous.

Crossing the continent with a team has been done to death — literally, on many occasions — but doing it solo wasn’t accomplished until 2018. Colin O’Brady and Louis Rudd started on the same day, but took slightly different routes, and managed to cross the continent unsupported and unassisted while dragging a 300 lb. sled behind them.

To do this, they had to make it across without resupplies or supply drops, and they had to make the trek entirely on their own. Their expeditions began at the end of the Ronne Ice Shelf on November 3rd. Both men passed through the South Pole Research Station to complete their trek on 26 and 28 December.

Antarctica is open and ready for anyone willing to make the journey, so it’s possible to attempt a crossing. Doing so requires quite a bit of training, supplies, money, and conditioning, but it is possible.[13]

10 Insane Tours That Are Extremely Dangerous

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10 Places That Still Bear the Evidence of History https://listorati.com/10-places-that-still-bear-the-evidence-of-history/ https://listorati.com/10-places-that-still-bear-the-evidence-of-history/#respond Mon, 24 Apr 2023 08:13:38 +0000 https://listorati.com/10-places-that-still-bear-the-evidence-of-history/

During times gone by, several events took place that formed history as we know and study it today. Some of these events left a mark on their surroundings that are still visible and even visited in modern times, as we continue to learn more about what life was like long ago.

This list reminds us that the past can still be visible in our present world. So let’s look at 10 places that still bear the evidence of history.

Related: 10 Strange Archaeological Discoveries

10 Dinosaur Dance Floor

Whether you believe in the existence of dinosaurs or not, there is heaps of evidence that giant animals roamed the earth in the past. Ancient Chinese writings speak of the discovery of “dragon” bones, which today are understood to be dinosaur bones. It is highly likely that ancient civilizations would have dug up fossils without knowing what they were looking at.

In 2008, dinosaur bones and fossils were no longer a novelty. However, scientists were still amazed at the discovery of an incredibly rare trail of footprints uncovered along the Arizona-Utah border. Imprinted into what is now known as the Vermilion Cliffs National Monument are over 1,000 footprints from different dinosaurs, including mothers and their babies. Researchers nicknamed the area the “dinosaur dance floor” because it was the type of place (a desert oasis, to be exact) that attracted crowds of these giant creatures.

Along with the footprints are rare dinosaur tail-drag marks, which also provide more evidence of wet intervals when the Southwest U.S. was covered with sand dunes that would have dwarfed the Sahara Desert.[1]

9 Black Tears

As Franklin D. Roosevelt stated, December 7, 1941, does indeed live in infamy. The surprise air attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, changed the course of history and unceremoniously dumped America headfirst into WWII.

Today, at the Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum, visitors find themselves standing on an American World War II battlefield and looking at bullet holes and bomb craters in the hangars and surrounding tarmac.

But perhaps the bitterest reminder of that awful day is the USS Arizona Memorial, where the remains of 1,102 men still lie 12.2 meters (40 feet) below water, entombed in the ill-fated battleship. The forward deck of the ship was struck by a 798-kilogram (1,760-pound) bomb that triggered a massive explosion as it landed amid the Arizona’s own ammunition stores, which all exploded at the same time. The Arizona burned for almost three days after the attack, reaching temperatures three times hotter than the lava that spewed from the Kilauea volcano that erupted in 2018.

The USS Arizona still leaks oil that collects on the water’s surface. The puddles have been likened to black tears and are a horrific reminder of the devastating after-effects of war.[2]

8 Hominin Fossil Sites

Scientists believe that the universe was formed around 14 billion years ago and that our planet could be more than 4.6 billion years old. Furthermore, it is believed that life on Earth emerged around 3.8 billion years ago and that Africa is the birthplace of humankind.

When Johannesburg was just grasslands and rocks inhabited by saber-toothed cats, life was dangerous for young hominins. One of them found out first-hand just how dangerous when he was snatched up by a massive eagle and dropped into a series of subterranean limestone coves more than 2.5 million years ago.

In 1924, paleontologist Raymond Dart was a professor and lecturer at the University of Witwatersrand. On his way out the door to a wedding, he was handed two boxes containing fossils discovered at Taung. Inside, he discovered the skull of what, at first glance, appeared to be ape-like. But the more he studied the skull, the more he became convinced that the skull belonged to a hominin child that walked upright like a human. He named the fossil the “Taung Child” and touted the find as the missing link between apes and humans.

Other experts were not easily convinced. But two decades later, the pelvis of an adult was discovered in the Sterkfontein Caves near Taung. It was confirmed that this species, Australopithecus africanus, indeed walked upright. Since then, hundreds of hominin fossils have been uncovered in the area, leading to UNESCO declaring it a World Heritage site and referring to it as the “Cradle of Humankind.”

Fossils are still being found here. Thus many of the sites are closed to the public. But visitors can explore the history of the place in the Maropeng Visitor Center, the Taung Heritage Route that runs past the place where the Taung Child was extracted, and the Blue Pools.[3]

7 Earthquake of Biblical Proportions

The book of Amos describes a violent earthquake. The books of Zechariah and Ezekiel also mention an earthquake. Scholars agree that this earthquake would have taken place during the 8th century BC. Later, the Roman-Jewish historian Josephus wrote about an earthquake that had taken place during the time of King Uzziah.

Archaeologist Israel Finkelstein and his colleagues performed excavations and research at the ancient city of Megiddo in 2016 and found evidence of an earthquake from a similar period. In 2019, Finkelstein’s team reported that they had come across tilted and warped walls and pillars, fractured stones, dipping floors, liquefied sand, and more.

In 2021, an archaeological team from the Israel Antiquities Authority discovered a layer of destruction inside the City of David National Park. Within this layer, they found shattered lamps, utensils, jars, and bows, which were clearly destroyed as the building’s walls crumbled. Archaeologist Joe Uziel speculated that Jerusalem was not the epicenter of the quake but suffered considerable damage.

Another group of researchers found evidence of seismic activity in the area of the Dead Sea which showed that two major earthquakes had likely occurred during the eight century.[4]

6 The Plagues of Egypt

Earthquakes weren’t the only calamities to befall ancient biblical cities. According to the Bible, plagues struck Egypt in order to compel the Egyptians to let the Israelites go. Many historians refuse to believe that the plagues really happened, saying that they serve as allegorical exaggeration only. However, evidence exists that these plagues did occur in some form and took place in the ancient city of Pi-Rameses.

Archaeological evidence supports natural explanations for disasters that took place in Pi-Rameses, including a drought that changed the color of the Nile River. This drought is also believed to have forced frog populations to abandon the river before dying. The death of the frogs led to a massive increase in the number of insects which brought disease and, in turn, caused boils in humans.

The plagues, as described in the Bible, also include a thunderstorm of hail and fire, which experts believe refer to the eruption of Thera in 1628 BC. This eruption is considered to be one of the largest volcanic eruptions ever recorded, and ash deposits from this time have been discovered in the Nile region.[5]

5 A Horrific Time in History

In 1692 Colonial America, “witch fever” gripped the residents of Salem for seven months. More than 150 people were accused of and arrested for the practice of witchcraft, and twenty of them were executed. Five more died in prison. Unlike their European counterparts who were burned at the stake, those who were executed in Salem died by hanging (one was crushed under rocks).

It was a truly horrendous part of history, especially considering that most of the accusers were girls under age 20, and courts allowed residents to be put to death based on spectral evidence. This meant a witness could claim that an accused’s spirit inflicted harm upon them and “win the case.”

“Witch tests” were created to ensure that the accused would fail. For instance, if the accused verbally ordered the devil to depart from an afflicted victim, and they miraculously became “cured,” the accused simply proved that they were a witch. If they made a mistake reciting the Lord’s Prayer, they were a witch. If they touched their supposed victim and the person flinched, the accused would be proven to be a witch.

Today, more than 12 historic houses still stand in the Salem Village Historic District in Danvers, Massachusetts. The houses date from the witch trials era, and one in particular, the house of convicted “witch” Rebecca Nurse, can still be visited as a historical landmark. Nurse was hanged on July 19, 1692. Legend says that her son retrieved her corpse from the execution site and buried her in an unmarked grave in the Nurse family cemetery at the back of the house.[6]

4 Ancient Tsunami

A massive tsunami destroyed the Chilean coastline around 3800 years ago. This devastating event forced hunter-gatherers to move inland, where they remained for at least 1000 years.

Researchers who studied the tsunami spent many years in the Atacama desert under the leadership of Gabriel Easton, gathering evidence. The team discovered distinctive sediment left behind after a tsunami over a large area. They also uncovered a stone house at a site called Zapatero. The walls of the house had crumbled inward, which is indicative of being hit by a wave. Stones from another house were found scattered toward the sea, suggesting that the tsunami backwash pulled it along. The coastline in Chile lies on a subduction zone, which means one of the tectonic plates is being forced under another, making the area very susceptible to earthquakes.

Easton has surmised that the ancient earthquake that led to the tsunami would have been similar to the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, which was the largest earthquake ever recorded—a 9.5 magnitude quake.[7]

3 Badrulchau Monoliths

The Badrulchau Stone Monoliths are considered to be the largest and oldest archaeological site in Palau. There, 52 basalt stone monuments stand on the hill slopes of Babeldaob Island and are estimated to date back to AD 161. Some of the stones have faces carved into them.

Experts believe that the stones may have served as pillars for a Palauan meeting house which, according to legend, would have been constructed by the gods. If these monoliths are, in fact, the remains of a meeting house or bai, it would be the largest bai ever built. Most of the monoliths are about 1 meter (3 feet) wide and more than 2 meters (7 feet) high.

The legend also states that the stones were taken from Lukes, which lies between Peleliu and Angaur. The gods working on the foundation were done with their task first and started carrying their foundation pieces toward Ngarchelong. One of the gods, Medechii Belau, got his Loki on and turned a coconut husk into a crowing rooster. Believing that dawn was breaking, the gods turned away from their work (because they only worked in the dark). Those who were bringing more parts of the bai simply dropped them and left them where they fell.[8]

2 The World’s First Animal

Fatty molecules preserved in a rippled, flat fossil led researchers to proclaim that the fossil was the remnants of the oldest known animal in the history of Earth.

Dickinsonia, the animals responsible for these pancake-shaped fossils, were first discovered in the 1940s. They were some of the most common species found in the oceans around 558 million years ago but grew up to 1.4 meters (4.5 feet) in length which was unusual for any species at that time.

This puzzled experts because Dickinsonia lived millions of years before the Cambrian explosion. It also sparked debate on whether the species were primitive animals, single-celled organisms, or something different.

The findings of a study published in 2018 centered on the discovery of Ediacaran fossils, including Dickinsonia strewn on the shores of the White Sea, which had their organic matter and fats perfectly preserved. The Dickinsonia fossils contained 93% cholesterol, indicating that they were likely ancient animals living at least 17 million years before the Cambrian explosion. In other words, the first animals on Earth.[9]

1 Iron Age Temples

According to legend, Navan Fort, which lies near the city of Armagh in Northern Ireland, once hosted the kings of Ulster.

In 2020, it was reported that archaeologists discovered evidence of an enormous Iron Age temple complex, including residences at Navan Fort, which may have been occupied by the kings during the start of the medieval era.

Before this discovery, experts believed that the prehistoric hilltop enclosure’s inhabitants abandoned it around 95 BC. But with the identification of the new structures came the realization that Navan Fort’s history actually extended to the second millennium AD.

The temple complex is considered to be one of the largest and also most complex ever discovered in Europe. The temples have been studied with remote-sensing technology and a geophysical survey. These non-invasive techniques detected fluctuations in the soil’s properties, allowing archaeologists to probe the traces of the ancient structures beneath the surface.

The structures remain hidden underground and will only be excavated once the necessary funding has been acquired.[10]

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